Somatic Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of somatic dysfunction

A
. M99.00: cranial
. M99.01: cervical
. M99.02: thoracic
. m99.03: lumbar
. M99.04: sacral
. M99.05: pelvic
. M99.06: lower extremity
. M99.07: upper extremity
. M99.08: rib cage
. M99.09: abdomen and other somatic dysfunction
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2
Q

Neurophysiological phenomenon w/ somatic dysfunction

A

. Neuronal afferents input into CNS, effects go from CNS
. Spinal segments that are chronically irritable/hyperactive cause structural impairment
. Muscles innervated by these segments may become hypertonic manifesting in somatic dysfunction

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3
Q

Effects of dysfunction at thoracolumbar junction

A

. Effect sympathetic output to intenstine

. Hypersympathetic drive, bowel less active, causes constipation, bowel obstruction, or a dynamic ileus

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4
Q

Effects of somatic dysfunction in sacrum

A

. Inc. parasympathetic drive to gut, causes inc. poops/diarrhea

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5
Q

Acute tension vs. chronic tension

A

. Acute: Increased rigidity

. Chronic: slightly increases, ropiness, stringiness

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6
Q

Does acute or chronic tissue texture changes have edema?

A

Acute

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7
Q

Erythema test in acute vs. chronic tissue texture changes

A

. Acute: redness lasts

. Chronic: redness fades quickly to skin blanches

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8
Q

T/F Asymmetry can confirm presence of somatic dysfunction alone

A

F, need tissue texture change or motion change as well

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9
Q

Quantity and quality of motion

A

. Quantity: range of motion

. Quality: compliance or resistance of motion

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10
Q

Viscerosomatic reflex

A

. Involuntary nervous system response to sensory input
. Sum total of any involuntary activity
. Localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures

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11
Q

how do viscerosomatic reflexes clinical manifest?

A

. Palpable musculoskeletal findings assoc. w/ segmentally (spinal) related dysfunction or disease of viscera

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12
Q

Paraspinal viscerosomatic reflex descriptions

A

. Assoc. w/ tissue texture changes that differentiate it from normal tissue texture change
. Findings greatest at rib angles and costotransverse area
. Skin/subQ puffiness
. Reluctance to applied motion
. Barrier feels rubbery not firm and distinct (minimal motion loss lesions)

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13
Q

Vertebral segment

A

Single vertebrae

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14
Q

Vertebral unit

A

2 adjacent vertebrae and assoc. arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular, neural, and lymphatic elements

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15
Q

Concavity

A

. Inside curve: side to which sidebending occurs

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16
Q

Convexity

A

Outside curve, side opposite where sidebending occurs

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17
Q

Posterior component

A

. Positional descriptor referring to prominent transverse process

18
Q

Anterior component

A

. Positional descriptor referring to less prominent transverse process during vertebral rotation

19
Q

Reference point for segmental motion

A

. Most anterior, superior point on body of vertebrae relative to segment below it
. Motion assessed in all 3 planes of motion

20
Q

Fryette Principle 1 of motion

A

. When spine is in neutral and articular facets aren’t engaged, if sidebending is introduced a group of vertebrae (3+) rotate into produced convexity
. Max rotation at apex
. Rotation and sidebending occur to opposite side

21
Q

Neutral mechanics

A

. Also called type 1 mechanics

. When group of segments moves in style of principle 1

22
Q

Type 1 somatic dysfunction

A

. When group curve demonstrates restriction of motion and tissue texture changes

23
Q

T/F cervical spine has atypical type 1 motion

A

T, sidebending and rotation occur on same side

24
Q

Fryette Principle II of spinal motion

A

. When flexion and tension occurs and is sufficient to localize force to single segment, sidebending and rotation occur on same side
. Vertebral segment rotates into concavity
. Also called type II/non-neutral mechanics

25
Q

Type II somatic dysfunction

A

. Single segment demonstrates type II mechanics w/ tissue change and restriction of motion

26
Q

Fryette Principle III of spinal motion

A

. When motion has been introduced in 1 plane, the motion in the other planes. In altered

27
Q

Parts of axial skeleton that do not follow Fryette’s principles

A

. Occiput: tortes and sidebends in opp. Directions but is still weird and doesn’t follow type I
. Atlas: only demonstrates rotation (little to no fl/extension and sidebending)
. Sacrum: between iliac rotates and sidebends in opp. Direction but still doesn’t count as type I

28
Q

Barrier

A

Limit of motion

29
Q

Physiologic barrier

A

. Endpoint of active motion

. Altered through warm up activity to inc. range of motion

30
Q

Anatomical barrier

A

. Limit of passive motion
. End of motion due to resistance of bony structures or ligaments
. Tissue destruction occurs if motion pushes past this barrier

31
Q

Restrictive/pathological barrier

A

. Endpoint of motion when somatic dysfunction is present
. Dec. in motion from tissue tension
. Occurs w/in normal range of motion of joint or tissue

32
Q

Point of balance/neutral point

A

. Point where no tension is noted in range of motion

33
Q

Pathologic neutral

A

Normal range of motion is changed with shift in point of balance to new neutral point

34
Q

End feel

A

. Perceived quality of motion as anatomic or physiologic barrier is approached
. Acute conditions don’t have this (feel rubbery not distinct)
. Chronic conditions are very firm and discrete

35
Q

Direction of ease

A

Direction that does not have restriction

36
Q

3 ways of naming somatic dysfunction

A

. Where is it?
. What will it do?
. What won’t it do?

37
Q

What is somatic dysfunction usually named for?

A

Direction of freer motion
. List dysfunction segment, the fl/extension component, then rotation, then sidebending, then subscript that indicates freer side of motion

38
Q

Does flexion increase of decrease the angle between sup. Vertebral segment on the segment below?

A

Decreases

39
Q

Does extension increase or decrease the angle of sup. Vertebral segment on the other segment?

A

Increases angle

40
Q

Tenderness objective report

A

Involuntary reaction

41
Q

Rule of 3’s

A

T1-T3: transverse processes are located at same level as tip of spinous processes
. T4-T6: transverse process located half a level above tip of spinous processes
. T7-T9: transverse process located full level above tip of spinous process
. T10: transverse process full level above spinous process
. T11: transverse process located half level above tip of spinous process
. T12: transverse processes located at the same level as the tip of spinous process