Solutions for Movements

Question 1

what is active lengthening in skeletomotor control?

Answer 1

The TA muscle tries to contract when you step down. So it is being expanded but is trying to contract. (going down the mountain). Loading determines muscle activity.

Question 2

requirements for muscular activation and function during ramp walking

Answer 2

biceps femoris muscle silenced and iliopsoas muscle active during stance for downslope walking

check slides for details

Question 3

modulation of muscular pattern by a body orientation signal

Answer 3

tonic neck + labyrinthine reflexes provide a body orientation signal

check the slides for details and diagram

Question 4

difference between level, up and down

Answer 4

not sure yet!

Question 5

limb stiffness is modulated by body orientation signal

Answer 5

orientation of endpoint stiffness - stiffness is greatest along the long axis of the limb

Question 6

limb stiffness is regulated by sensory feedback

Answer 6

regulation of muscle and limb stiffness by proprioceptive (length and force) feedback

check slides for diagram

Question 7

measurement of autogenic and intermuscular feedback

Answer 7

check the slides

Question 8

force feedback is ditributed and polarized during locomotion

Answer 8

the strength of inhibitory force feedback depends on body orientation;
inhibitory force feedback is particularly strong during down slope walking that features eccentric muscular contractions, and weaker for upslope where propulsion is most important