language

Question 1

connectionist model of neural substrates of language function

Answer 1

anterior area for speech production (Broca), and posterior for comprehension (Wernicke), connected by repetition - oversimplified

Question 2

three components of language

Answer 2

semantic, grammar and phonolgy

for definition, see slide 11 - 15

Question 3

define role of procedural memory in language

Answer 3

procedural memory: involves basal ganglia; word order in the sentence and phonological sequences in familiar words could be based on procedural memory

Question 4

Brova’s area and its role in langugae

Answer 4

Broca’s area - classical view, modern view, phonology gradient, semantics gradient, syntax gradient - implication of the overlapping between: to assemble the word, need to understand of the meaning, to sum it up, they function as a system

Question 5

posterior area of brain involved in language

Answer 5

posterior area of the brain - supramarginal gyrus: phonological word forms; angular gyrus: semantics; posterior superior temporal gyrus: phonology

Question 6

define attention and areas involved

Answer 6

slides 31

Question 7

define intention and areas involved

Answer 7

slides 32

Question 8

medial frontal cortex

Answer 8

in intention, connection to lateral frontal cortex and Broca’s area

Question 9

types of verbal working memory

Answer 9

phonological, semantic, syntactic
semantic WM experiment: encoding, maintenance and retrieval (for areas involved, slide 40)
syntactic WM: embedded subjective relative and embedded object relative

Question 10

widely distributed semantic system

Answer 10

three experiments

1) representation of face, arm and leg action words
2) fusiform gyrus activity for naming animal vs tool pictures
3) generating words with positive, negative and neutral emotional connotation

Question 11

definition of aphasia

Answer 11

a disturbance of language processes caused by to or disease of the neural substrates of language or related processes

Question 12

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 12

impaired spoken output, impaired repetition, but less impaired comprehension

Question 13

Wenicke’s aphasia

Answer 13

effortless spoken output, but impaired repetition and comprehension, numerous substitutions for words

Question 14

conduction aphasia

Answer 14

impaired repetition

Question 15

transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 15

hard to initiate motor output, limited output, minimally impaired repetition and comprehension; medial to lateral frontal connection damaged

Question 16

transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 16

numerous substitutions of words, minimally impaired repetition but impaired comprehension

Question 17

anomic aphasia

Answer 17

word finding difficulty, difficulty naming, substitutions for words

Question 18

thalamic aphasia

Answer 18

numerous substitutions for words, deteriorating into jargon