Solutions & Colligative Properties

Question 1

two components of a solution

Answer 1

solute

solvent

Question 2

what is dissolved in sol’n

normally the component present in the smaller amount

Answer 2

solute

Question 3

the dissolving medium

normally the component present in the larger amount

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

Equation: Molality (m)

Answer 4

m = moles solute / kilograms of solvent

Question 5

Equation: Molarity (M)

Answer 5

M = moles solute / Liters of solution

Question 6

concentration of 1 ppm means that every million grams of solution contain 1 g of solute
useful in expressing very low concentrations

Answer 6

parts per million (ppm)

Question 7

occurs when solvent is added to a solution of high concentration to produce a solution of lower concentration
number of moles of solvent is conserved

Answer 7

dilution

Question 8

Equation: Dilution

Answer 8

M(i) * V(i) = M(f) * V(f)

Question 9

For aqueous solutions, ______ is governed by the present and concentration of ions in the solution. Movement of these ions in an electric field creates an __________

Answer 9

electrical conductivity

electric current

Question 10

solutes whose solutions are conductive

Answer 10

electrolytes

Question 11

An electrolyte is considered ______ if it dissociates completed into its component ions (Ex: ionic compounds NaCL and KI and molecular compounds with highly polar covalent bonds that dissociate into ions when dissolved, HCl in water)

Answer 11

strong

Question 12

A __________ ionizes or hydrolyzes incompletely in aqueous solution and only some of the solute is present in ionic form
Ex: acetic acid and other weak acids, ammonia and other weak bases, and HgCl2

Answer 12

weak electrolyte

Question 13

a compound that does not ionize at all in aqueous solution
retains molecular structure in solution
include many nonpolar gases and organic compounds (Oxygen and sugar)

Answer 13

nonelectrolytes

Question 14

present of solute particles can make the physical properties of a sol’n different from those of the pure solvent
depends on the number of dissolved particles in the sol’n but not on their chemical identity or nature of the pure solvent

Answer 14

colligative property

Question 15

pressure of the vapor above a fluid due to evaporated molecules
level of a liquid decreases with addition of a nonvolatile solute

Answer 15

vapor pressure

Question 16

Equation: Vapor Pressure

Answer 16

P(sol’n) = X(sol’n) * Pº(sol’n)