Chemical Bonding

Question 1

type of bonding that occurs between metals and nonmetals via the transfer of electrons
formed from interaction of cations and anions
atoms have large electronegativity differences–nonmetals hold onto electrons and pull them away from other atoms
metals give away electrons

Answer 1

ionic bonding

Question 2

type of bonding that occurs between nonmetals
involved sharing of electrons
number of electron pairs shared b/w 2 atoms determines the bond order
single bonds - weakest and longest
triple bonds - shortest and strongest
may be polar or nonpolar

Answer 2

covalent bonding

Question 3

type of bonding that occurs between atoms with different electronegativities
bonding pair is not shared equally–pulled more towards the element w/ the higher electronegativity
more electroneg atom requires partial - charge
less electroneg requires partial positive charge
molecule has partial ionic character

Answer 3

polar covalent bonding

Question 4

type of bonding that occurs between atoms that have the same electronegativity
bonding electrons are shared equally
primarily in diatomic molecules: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Answer 4

nonpolar covalent bonding

Question 5

type of metal that occurs in metals (sea of electrons)
valence orbitals of constituent atoms interact to form molecular orbitals that are delocalized over the entire metallic crystal
valence electrons can move freely through the crystal, forming a “sea of electrons”
quality that makes metals good conductors

Answer 5

metallic bonding

Question 6

most liquids (except molten forms of ionic solids) are held together by intermolecular attractions that are ______ than ionic and covalent interactions

Answer 6

weaker

Question 7

type of intermolecular force that occurs between an ion and a polar molecule
most commonly in the solvation of ionic compounds (i.e. dissolution of sodium chloride into Na+ and Cl- in H2O)
each ion is surrounded by (solvated by) polar water molecule

Answer 7

ion-dipole force

Question 8

specific type of dipole-dipole interaction
occurs between molecules that have H bound to a highly electronegative atom (F, N, or O)
the H atom carries little of the electron density of the covalent bond–most is around the electroneg atom
+ H interacts w/ partial - charge on the electroneg atoms of nearby molecules, causing the 2 molecules to have an attraction for each other
causes unusually high boiling points
important in the behavior of water, alcohol, amino, and COOH

Answer 8

hydrogen bonding

Question 9

type of intermolecular interaction between polar molecules
polar molecules tend to orient themselves so that the positive region of one molecule is close to the neg region of another molecule
arrangement is energetically favored–reduces repulsive forces between like charges
magnitude of this kind of interaction increases w/ increasing polarity of the molecules

Answer 9

dipole-dipole forces

Question 10

type of intermolecular interactions b/w transient dipoles; predominant intermolecular attraction among nonpolar molecules
weakest of all intermolec forces
effect evident in nonpolar molecules–no other type of intermolecular attractive forces operate
short-lived electrostatic interactions
arise from random fluctuations in electron density

Answer 10

london dispersion forces