Solutions CH9

Question 1

What is the electrostatic interaction between solute and solvent molecules?

Answer 1

Solvation (AKA Dissolution)

If water is involved, it is called Hydration

Question 2

When new interactions are stronger than original ones, solvation is what (and is favored at what temperature)?

Answer 2

Exothermic; and favored at low temperatures

Question 3

When new interactions are weaker than the original ones, solvation is what (and is favored at what temperature)?

Answer 3

Endothermic; and favored at high temperatures

Question 4

When the overall enthalpy (H) change for dissolution is close to zero, it is called a(n)?

Answer 4

Ideal Solution

Question 5

True/False: Both dilute and concentrated solutions are still considered unsaturated if the maximum equilibrium concentration (saturation) has not yet been reached?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are two important rules for aqueous solutions?

Answer 6

1. All salts of Group 1 metals (or cations) and NH4+ (ammonium) are water-soluble.
2. All salts containing NO3- (nitrate) and acetate (CH3COO-) are water-soluble.

Question 7

What refers to a molecule in which a certain cation is bonded to at least one electron pair donor (which could include the water molecule)?

Answer 7

Complex Ion (Coordination Compound)

Question 8

What is the electron pair donor molecule in a complex ion called?

Answer 8

Ligand

Question 9

Complex Ions are held together by what bond?

Answer 9

Coordinate Covalent Bonds (Lewis Acids and Bases)

Question 10

The measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule (is equal to a mole of the species of interest -protons, hydroxide, ions, electrons, or ions).

Answer 10

Equivalent

Question 11

Defined as the saturation point, where the solute concentration is at its maximum value for the given temperature and pressure.

Answer 11

Equilibrium

Question 12

For a saturated solution of an ionic compound with the formula AmBn, the equilibrium constant for its solubility in aqueous solution is called?

Answer 12

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

Question 13

We may not know whether the solution has reached saturation, and so to determine where the system is with respect to the equilibrium position, we can calculate a value called the?

Answer 13

Ion Product (IP)

Question 14

The solubility of a salt is considerably reduced when it is dissolved in a solution that already contains one of its constituent ions as compared to its solubility in a pure solvent. This reduction in molar solubility is known as?

Answer 14

Common Ion Effect