Acids and Bases CH10 Flashcards
Dissociate to produce an excess of hydrogens in solution.
Arrhenius Acid
Dissociate to produce an excess of hydroxides in solution.
Arrhenius Base
What behaviors are generally limited to aqueous acids and bases?
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
A species that can donate hydrogen ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Acids
A species that can accept hydrogen ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Bases
Electron pair acceptors?
Lewis Acid
Electron pair donors?
Lewis Base
A species that can behave as an acid or a base?
Amphoteric
A species that are amphoteric but specifically can behave as a Brownsted-Lowry acid or base.
Amphiprotic
Acids and bases that can donate or accept MULTIPLE electrons.
Polyvalent Acids/Bases
What is the only thing that can change the water dissociation constant (Kw)?
Temperature; any temperature above 298K - Kw will increase.
How can one tell the acidity of a molecule based on imagery?
Electronegative elements placed near the “acidic proton” increase the acid’s strength by pulling the electron’s density out of the bond holding on to the acidic proton. This weakens proton bonding and facilitates dissociation!
What is the product of a reaction between a strong acid and a weak base?
A salt with no water because weak bases usually aren’t hydroxides. This will result in a slightly acidic solution.
What is the product of a reaction between a weak acid and a strong base?
A salt with water and a slightly basic solution.
What is the product of a reaction with a strong acid and strong base?
Since the reaction fully dissociates, the solution will be “neutralized” into a salt and water product. Acidity is neutral (ph=7).
What is the product of a reaction with a weak acid and base?
This depends on the reactants themselves (differs).
Used to determine the concentration of a known reactant in a solution.
Titration
A known concentration and is added slowly to a solution to reach an equivalence point.
Titrant
What has an unknown concentration but a known volume?
Titrand
Indicated by the steepest slope in a titration curve; it is reached when the number of acid equivalents in the original solution equals the number of base equivalents added (or vise-versa).
Equivalence Point
The reverse of a neutralization reaction: salt ions react with water to give back the acid or base.
Hydrolysis
Consists of a mixture of a weak acid and its salt (which is composed of its conjugate base and a cation) or a mixture of a weak base and its salt (which is composed of its conjugate acid and an anion). Have the useful property of resisting changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Buffer Solution
What is used to determine the pH or pOH of a buffer solution?
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
