Acids and Bases CH10

Question 1

Dissociate to produce an excess of hydrogens in solution.

Answer 1

Arrhenius Acid

Question 2

Dissociate to produce an excess of hydroxides in solution.

Answer 2

Arrhenius Base

Question 3

What behaviors are generally limited to aqueous acids and bases?

Answer 3

Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Question 4

A species that can donate hydrogen ions.

Answer 4

Bronsted-Lowry Acids

Question 5

A species that can accept hydrogen ions.

Answer 5

Bronsted-Lowry Bases

Question 6

Electron pair acceptors?

Answer 6

Lewis Acid

Question 7

Electron pair donors?

Answer 7

Lewis Base

Question 8

A species that can behave as an acid or a base?

Answer 8

Amphoteric

Question 9

A species that are amphoteric but specifically can behave as a Brownsted-Lowry acid or base.

Answer 9

Amphiprotic

Question 10

Acids and bases that can donate or accept MULTIPLE electrons.

Answer 10

Polyvalent Acids/Bases

Question 11

What is the only thing that can change the water dissociation constant (Kw)?

Answer 11

Temperature; any temperature above 298K - Kw will increase.

Question 12

How can one tell the acidity of a molecule based on imagery?

Answer 12

Electronegative elements placed near the “acidic proton” increase the acid’s strength by pulling the electron’s density out of the bond holding on to the acidic proton. This weakens proton bonding and facilitates dissociation!

Question 13

What is the product of a reaction between a strong acid and a weak base?

Answer 13

A salt with no water because weak bases usually aren’t hydroxides. This will result in a slightly acidic solution.

Question 14

What is the product of a reaction between a weak acid and a strong base?

Answer 14

A salt with water and a slightly basic solution.

Question 15

What is the product of a reaction with a strong acid and strong base?

Answer 15

Since the reaction fully dissociates, the solution will be “neutralized” into a salt and water product. Acidity is neutral (ph=7).

Question 16

What is the product of a reaction with a weak acid and base?

Answer 16

This depends on the reactants themselves (differs).

Question 17

Used to determine the concentration of a known reactant in a solution.

Answer 17

Titration

Question 18

A known concentration and is added slowly to a solution to reach an equivalence point.

Answer 18

Titrant

Question 19

What has an unknown concentration but a known volume?

Answer 19

Titrand

Question 20

Indicated by the steepest slope in a titration curve; it is reached when the number of acid equivalents in the original solution equals the number of base equivalents added (or vise-versa).

Answer 20

Equivalence Point

Question 21

The reverse of a neutralization reaction: salt ions react with water to give back the acid or base.

Answer 21

Hydrolysis

Question 22

Consists of a mixture of a weak acid and its salt (which is composed of its conjugate base and a cation) or a mixture of a weak base and its salt (which is composed of its conjugate acid and an anion). Have the useful property of resisting changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Answer 22

Buffer Solution

Question 23

What is used to determine the pH or pOH of a buffer solution?

Answer 23

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation