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CLO > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

Examples: Preservative/Disinfectants (2)

A

Polyhexanide

Peroxide

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2
Q

Purpose: Preservative/Disinfectants (3)

A

Restricts growth of micro-organisms

Maintains sterility

Breaks down cellular wall of bacteria (can also do to epithelium)

(failure to disinfect is major cause of microbial keratitis)

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3
Q

Examples: Chelating Agents (1)

A

Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA)

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4
Q

Purpose: Chelating Agents (3)

A

Enhances preservatives (especially against gram -ve bacteria)

Prevents bacterial growth (binds ions)

Reduces protein build up

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5
Q

Examples: Buffer (1)

A

Boric Acid

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6
Q

Purpose: Buffer (2)

A

Balances acid/alkaline concentration - stabilises pH

Average tear pH is 7.45 but buffer aims for 6.6-7.8

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7
Q

Example: Isotonic Agent (1)

A

Sodium chloride

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8
Q

Purpose: Isotonic Agent (4)

A

Maintains tonicity to match tears

About 0.9% sodium chloride

Too high tonicity = hyperaemia & dehydration

Too little tonicity = oedema

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9
Q

Examples: Viscosity Agent (1)

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

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10
Q

Purpose: Viscosity Agent (3)

A

Increases thickness

Increases contact time with lens

Found in artificial tears

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11
Q

Examples: Wetting Agents (1)

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

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12
Q

Purpose: Wetting Agents (2)

A

Conditioning

Reduces wetting angle = better spread of tears & solution across surface

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13
Q

Examples: Surfactants (1)

A

Polaxamine

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14
Q

Purpose: Surfactants (2)

A

Reduces surface tension

Easy removal of debris and pathogens

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15
Q

Example: Stabiliser (1)

A

Phosphonic Acid

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16
Q

Purpose: Stabiliser (1)

A

Maintains cohesion within a solution (can become unstable over time)

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17
Q

Examples: Enzymes (2)

A

EDTA

Aldox

18
Q

Purpose: Enzymes (2)

A

Removes deposits

Breakdowns protein bonds

19
Q

Current Preservatives: (3)

A

Polyquaternium

Polyhexanide

Polyquaternium-1

Peroxide

20
Q

Polyquaternium (polyquats) (2)

A

Large molecule size does not penetrate soft lens material

Less toxic to ocular surface

21
Q

Polyquaternium-1 (polyquads) (2)

A

Minimal toxicity

Less efficient against fungai - aldox included to aid this

22
Q

Polyhexanide (dymed) (3)

A

Lighter than polyquads

Effective against bacteria

Risk of allergies with sensitive wearers

23
Q

Pathogens (Example): Gram Positive Bacteria (1)

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

24
Q

Pathogens (Presents): Gram Positive Bacteria (3)

A

Keratitis

Conjunctivitis

Blepharitis

25
Q

Pathogens (Example): Gram Negative Bacteria (1)

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

26
Q

Pathogens (Presents): Gram Negative Bacteria (2)

A

Keratitis/Ulceration

Conjunctivitis

27
Q

Pathogens (Example): Virus (2)

A

Herpes Simplex

HIV

28
Q

Pathogens (Presents): Virus (2)

A

Keratitis/Ulceration

Conjunctivitis

29
Q

Pathogens (Example): Fungi (1)

A

Candida Albicans

30
Q

Pathogens (Presents): Fungi (1)

A

Keratitis/Ulceration

31
Q

Pathogens (Example): Amoeba (1)

A

Acanthamoeba

32
Q

Pathogens (Presents): Amoeba (1)

A

Keratitis/Ulceration

33
Q

Five aims of a contact lens care system (5)

A

Non-toxic

Compatible

Effective

Simple

Affordable

34
Q

Non Toxic:

A

Should not damage or irritate ocular surface

35
Q

Compatible:

A

Should perform well with lens type it was designed for

36
Q

Effective (3)

A

Remove deposits & build up

Decontaminate/disinfect the lens

Optimise vision & comfort

37
Q

Simple

A

Easy to use and encourage compliance

38
Q

Affordable

A

Avoid non-compliance and reuse/sparingly use solution

39
Q

Reasons for solution compliance issues (6)

A

Cost

Convenience

Ignorance

Denial

Bad advice (from friends)

Lack of incstruction/forgetting

40
Q

Peroxide (2)

A

Effective against bacteria and fungi

Low concentration used

CLO (13 decks)

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