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CLO > Lacrimal Gland & Tears > Flashcards

Lacrimal Gland & Tears Flashcards

1
Q

Three major components of the Lacrimal System (3)

A

Lacrimal and Accessory Glands

Tear Film

Lacrimal Drainage System

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2
Q

Location of Lacrimal Gland

A

Upper temporal corner of frontal bone, in lacrimal fossa

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3
Q

Dimension of Lacrimal Gland

A

20mm long and 5mm thick

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4
Q

What divides the lacrimal gland into two lobes

A

Aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris tendon

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5
Q

What is the name of the larger lobe situated above the levator

A

Orbital Lobe

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6
Q

Name of the smaller lobe below the levator

A

Palpebral lobe

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7
Q

Which lobe is attached to the conjunctiva and where (2)

A

Palpebral lobe

Upper temporal fornix

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8
Q

Number of lacrimal gland ducts

A

4-5 ducts

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9
Q

Where do Orbital and Palpebral lacrimal gland ducts open into

A

Upper temporal conjunctival fornix

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10
Q

How many Orbital lacrimal ducts are there

A

4-5 ducts (crosses palpebral lobe)

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11
Q

How many palpebral lacrimal ducts are there

A

8 ducts

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12
Q

What do the lacrimal glands consist of

A

Smaller lobules containing small sacs arranged into branches

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13
Q

What are the layers of the small sacs of the lacrimal lobules (2)

A

Outer layer

Inner layer

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14
Q

Function of the outer layer of the small sacs of the lacrimal gland

A

Contract for bulk expression of tears - squeezes the sac

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15
Q

Function of the inner layer of the small sacs of the lacrimal gland

A

Steadily secretes serous fluid and mucin

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16
Q

Features: Glands of Krause (3)

A

Located in the stroma of the palpebral conjunctiva

20-40 in upper fornix

8-10n in lower fornix

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17
Q

Features: Glands of Wolfring (2)

A

3-5 glands

Located in upper regions or superior tarsal conjunctiva

18
Q

Blood Supply

A

Lacrimal Artery

19
Q

Blood Drainage

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

20
Q

Nerve Supply: Outer layer

A

Parasympathetic fibres from Facial Nerve

21
Q

Nerve Supply: Vessels of gland

A

Sympathetic fibres

22
Q

Nerve Supply: Sensory Innervation

A

Lacrimal nerve branch by Ophthalmic nerve (Trigeminal Nerve)

23
Q

Tear film: Which structures provide secretions (3)

A

Lacrimal glands

Tarsal glands

Goblet cells

24
Q

Tear film: Function

A

Helps maintain anterior corneal hydration and transparency

25
Q

Tear film: Figures (3)

A

98% water

pH 7.3-7.5

Osmotic Pressure = 0.9% sodium chloride solution

26
Q

Produced by: Oily Lipid Phase

A

Meibomian glands

Zeis glands

27
Q

Produced by: Aqueous Phase

A

Lacrimal glands

Accessory glands

28
Q

Produced by: Mucus Phase

A

Goblet cells

29
Q

Structure: Oily Lipid Phase

A

0.2-0.9um

Phospholipids

30
Q

Figures: Aqueous Phase

A

6.5-7.5um

Mostly water

Electrolytes

Salts

Immunoglobins

31
Q

Figures: Mucus Phase

A

0.5um

Mucin

Leukocytes

32
Q

Function: Oily Lipid Layer

A

Reduces evaporation

Prevents lids sticking

Lubricates lid margins

Stops tears falling

Barrier effect

33
Q

Function: Aqueous Phase

A

Allows gaseous exchange

Hydrates cornea

Removes waste products

34
Q

Function: Mucus Phase

A

Allows tears to attached to hydrophobic cornea

Adds bulk to tears

Aids protection against microbial keratitis

35
Q

The formation caused by the surface tension of the tears and it’s name

A

Meniscus to form at each eye lid known as lacrimal river

36
Q

Where are the tears drawn to

A

Lacrimal Puncta at the nasal lid margins

37
Q

Where do the tears travel once in the puncta

A

Lacrimal sac through the Sinus of Mai9er

38
Q

Where do the tears travel from the Lacrimal Sac

A

To the nasolacrimal duct through the lacrimal foramen

39
Q

What prevents back flow of the tears and where is it located

A

Valve of Hasner and it is at the bottom of the nasolacrimal duct

40
Q

What part of the conjunctive does the lacrimal gland secretions enter

A

Upper temporal fornix

41
Q

What does the secretion of the lacrimal gland mix with to form the tear film

A

Secretions of the accessory lacrimal glands and goblet cells

42
Q

What happens to cause movement of tears into the lac rimal sac

A

Contraction of orbicularis shortens canaliculi and expels tears

CLO (13 decks)

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