Solutions

Question 1

Suspensions

Answer 1

Heterogeneous
Settles when left alone
Filterable
The particle sizes are different
Tyndall effect

Ex. oil and water

Question 2

Colloids

Answer 2

Homogeneous
Does NOT settle when left alone
Is NOT filterable
Particle sizes are the same
Tyndall effect

Question 3

Solutions

Answer 3

Homogeneous
Does NOT settle when left alone
Is NOT filterable
Particle sizes are the same
Tyndall effect does NOT work

Question 4

Tyndall Effect

Answer 4

Blocking of light by suspended particles

Question 5

Solute

Answer 5

What is dissolved

Question 6

Solvent

Answer 6

What the solute is dissolved in

Question 7

Solubility

Answer 7

The max. amount of solute an amount of solvent can hold at a certain temp.

Question 8

Alloys

Answer 8

Are NOT metallic bonds
Physical mixtures of a metal and another type of atom
Made by melting down and mixing the atoms

Ex. Brass, steel, aluminum foil, bronze

Question 9

Miscble

Answer 9

2 liquids that mix

Question 10

Immiscible

Answer 10

2 liquids that do not mix

Question 11

Temperature Affecting Solubility

Answer 11

In a SOLID - LIQUID solution, solubility INCREASES as temperature INCREASES

In a GAS - LIQUID solution, solubility DECREASES as temperature INCREASES

Question 12

Pressure Affecting Solubility

Answer 12

In a GAS - LIQUID solution, solubility INCREASES as the pressure of a gas over the liquid INCREASES

Question 13

Factors Affecting Rate of Solution

Answer 13

1. Adjust temperature (heat for solid - liquid, cool for gas - liquid)
2. Stir the solution (agitate it)
3. Increase the surface area of the solute (crush solute into a powder

Question 14

Rate of Solution

Answer 14

How fast a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Question 15

Solubility Curve

Answer 15

Shows the solubility against temperature (graph)

Question 16

Saturated

Answer 16

At the maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold

Question 17

Unstaurated

Answer 17

Below the maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold

Question 18

Supersaturated

Answer 18

Past the maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold, the solute remains dissolved

Question 19

Oversaturated

Answer 19

Past the maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold

Question 20

Endothermic

Answer 20

Uses heat from the surroundings to dissolve
Higher heat = higher solubility
Feels cold to the touch
Mostly solids

Question 21

Exothermic

Answer 21

Releases heat when it dissolves
Feels hot to the touch
Higher heat = lower solubility
Mostly gasses

Question 22

Neutral

Answer 22

It is not affected by heat
For the most part does not use nor release heat as it dissolves
Feels room temp. to the touch

Question 23

Molarity

Answer 23

M = Mol of solute / L of solution

Question 24

Molality

Answer 24

m = Mol solute / Kg of solvent

Question 25

Dilution

Answer 25

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

Question 26

Mass Percent

Answer 26

Mass solute / Mass solution x100 = %

Question 27

Solubility Rules

Answer 27

Soluble:
All Nitrates, Acetates, Ammonium, and group 1A
All Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides EXCEPT with Silver, Lead, and Mercury (1)
All Fluorides EXCEPT with group 2A, Lead (2), and Iron (3)
All Sulfates EXCEPT with Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Mercury, Lead (2), and Silver

Insoluble:
All Carbonates, and Phosphates EXCEPT with group 1A, and Ammonium
All Hydroxides EXCEPT with group 1A, Strontium, Barium, and Ammonium
All Sulfides EXCEPT with group 1A, group 2A, and Ammonium
All Oxides EXCEPT with group 1A