Solutions Flashcards
Pure substances
-a pure substance has a definite composition
-pure substances can be elements or compounds
mixtures
-combination of 2 or more pure substances
heterogeneous
not uniform throughout
homogeneous
uniform throughout
solutions
in chemistry, are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances
solvent
the substance present in the largest quantity. The solvent can be either a liquid or a solid
solute
the substance that is present in the smallest quantity Is said to be dissolved. the solute can be either a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
Miscible
liquids can easily dissolve in one another
immiscible
liquids are not soluble in each other
suspensions
(heterogeneous mixture ) contain large particles that “settle out” unless constantly stirred or agitated.
colloids
(heterogeneous mixture) contain intermediate particles
between those in solutions and suspensions
saturated
a solution containing undissolved solute in equilibrium with the solution
-solvent holds as much solute as is possible at that temperature
-undissolved solid remains in flask
-dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with solid solute particles
unsaturated
a solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute
-less than the maximum amount of solute for that temperature is dissolved in the solvent
no solid remains in the flask
supersaturated
a solution containing more solute than is normally allowed
-solvent holds more solute than is normally possible at that temperature
-these solutions are unstable; crystallization can often be caused by adding a “seed crystal” or scratching the side of the flask
electrolyte
a substance that dissolved in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
-any double ionic compound is an electrolyte
-strong acids are electrolytes
