Solution defintions

Question 1

solute

Answer 1

solute is the substance being dissolved (ex the salt in water)

Question 2

Concentration

Answer 2

ratio of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solvent

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

the thing or medium that is dissolving the solute ex the water in and water and salt mixture

Question 4

aqueous solutions

Answer 4

have water as the solvent and are clear

Question 5

electrolyte

Answer 5

aqueous solutions that conduct electricity

Question 6

intramolecular forces

Answer 6

forces between atoms within a molecule, ex ionic, covalent or polar covalent

Question 7

intermolecular forces

Answer 7

between molecules ()dipole dipole, van de Waal/London forces, hydrogen bonds

Question 8

dilute

Answer 8

small quantity of solute compared to solvent

Question 9

percent concentration

Answer 9

volume of solute (dm3/g)/volume of solvent(dm3/g) (100)

Question 10

particle theory

Answer 10

E - everything is made of particles
I - identical substances have identical particles
S - spaces between them
A - Attraction forces between them
M - constant motion

Question 11

when a gas is compressed in a container and its particles hit the wall does it lose energy?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what is gas pressure

Answer 12

gas pressure is the force caused by the gas particles hitting the walls of the container

therefore the faster they move, the more they will collide and therefore higher pressure

Question 13

what is boyles law and for this to work what must happen? and why

Answer 13

He states that as you increase the pressure on gas, you decrease the volume. This is because as you increase the pressure, the distance between the gas particles decrease as they are being pushed together, therefore the volume decreases.

AKA : the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant temp varies inversely with the applied pressure

The temperature and number of moles of the gas must be constant because both of them affect the volume and pressure of the gas.

Question 14

What is the absolute zero

Answer 14

the absolute zero is the temperature when all the particles haver no energy and are still

Question 15

and how is the absolute zero found

Answer 15

as temp decreases so does pressure, therefore you can extrapolate the graph to reach 0 where there is no pressure, therefore no movement.

Question 16

When a gas is heated, what increases?

Answer 16

Volume and pressure

Question 17

what is Charles law

Answer 17

the volume of a fixed quantity of gas kept at a constant pressure is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature

Question 18

gay lussacs law

Answer 18

at a constant volume, as the temp increases, the pressure increases

Question 19

what are the conditions for an idea gas (2)

Answer 19

the gas particles must have no volume, although this is impossible, some gasses come close with molecules taking up 1/1000

gasses closest to ideal are small gasses such as H2 he O2 F2 co2

2) there must be no attraction between gas molecules. Most molecules have weak forces like van der waal and dipole dipole but stronger force gasses such as H20 NH3 HCL that have polar bonds are far from ideal unlike H2 He F Co2

Question 20

solution

Answer 20

homogenous mixture composed of at least one solvent and solute