Equilibrium Flashcards
Conditions for equilibrium to be reached
must be sealed, no external sources
have the reverse reaction occur at same rate
temp must remain constant
basically what happens at equilibrium in general
reaction occurs both way at same time at same rate therefore no net change and the change in conc of reactants and products may not be the same although are constant
dynamic equilibrium is?
when changes are always occurring but no net results
when are the concentrations not included in equilibrium law
when the state is pure liquid, denoted by (l) or a solid as they do not change conc
does adding a foreign gas change the concentrations in equilibrium?
no, although it can alter the pressure of a gaseous reaction
although if a multiple choice comes up say that it does not change any concentrations so the equilibrium stays the same
what conditions would optimize nh3 in harbor process
N(g) + 3H2(g) –> 2NH3 (g)+ heat
keep reactant conc high
cool it, to add heat production aka products
add pressure
what happens to K when temp is changed
for exothermic reactions as temp goes up K/kc goes down
because in this will cause a shift to left causing reactants to be larger than products
for endothermic reactions as temp increases so does k/kc and vice versa
why was the harbor process important
The ability to produce ammonia on an industrial scale has had a profound impact on global agriculture. The widespread availability of nitrogen-based fertilizers has contributed significantly to the Green Revolution, allowing farmers to increase food production to meet the needs of a growing population.n b
How do you tell if a salt is soluble
all group 1 metals and (NH4) salts are soluble
all nitrates (NO3) and acetate(CH3COOH) ions are soluble
Things that are insoluble
Pb
Ag
OH
Co3
S
but if you have something soluble with insoluble it is soluble
is there such thing as a insoluble salt?
no,e ven if the ksp is 0.000000000000001 all salts are soluble to some degree
it is important to note that ksp only applies to insoluble salts as normal salts dissolve fully ksp does not apply.
can there be an arrheniius acid with no H+
yes even compounds which contain no H+ can be arrhenius as long as they react with water to produce H+
ALL ARRHENIUS ACID AND BASE REQUIRED WATER PRESENT
Saturation
this means that equilibrium has developed between the dissolving substance and precipitate
define equilibrium
it is where reverse reactions occur at equal rates, it is a dynamic and consistent process. It is where the rate of the forward and backward reaction are equal. this means that there is no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products over time.
example of equillibrium
when you place a bowl of water in a closed container, many water molecules are escaping from the liquid into the container air while some water vapor molecules return to liquid, and at some point the rate of these reverse reactions are equal, establishing equilibrium and at this point, the equilibrium is saturated
