solution chemistry Flashcards
what is a solution?
homogenous mixture of 2+ soluble pure substances, physically combined to form a mixture
define solute, solvent. which is in greater amount in a solution?
solute= compound of lesser amount being DISSOLVED in another compound
solvent = compound of greater amount that DISSOLVES the solute
what is an aqueous solution? what do we mean by “aqueous”?
solution where the solvent is liquid water
aqueous= something dissolved in water
T/F: solutions can only be in a liquid phase
false: solutions can be in any phase of matter!
T/F: solvent doesn’t always have to be water.
true
T/F: particles are not uniformly distributed in a solution
false! uniform distribution of particles in a solution
can components of a solution separate spontaneously?
no
can you visually differentiate between a solute and solvent in a solution?
no– solutions are homogenous mixtures
what 3 kinds of solutes can we have in an aqueous solution/solute dissolved in H2O?
- ionic compounds
- covalent compounds
- acid/base
what makes water polar?
a difference in its electron distribution between its atoms
which components of water have positive partial charge? negative partial charge?
positive partial charge = H
negative partial charge= O
what do we mean by “dipole”?
has partial positive/negative charged ends
what is electronegativity?
tendency of an atom to “hog” electrons
why is water special as a solvent?
not many liquids are polar in nature
explain how water “sticks to itself”
partial positive H atoms attracted to partial negative charges of O atoms
what are hydration shells/spheres? why does this result in ionic compounds?
water molecules surrounding an ion that belonged to an ionic compound.
ex. Na surrounded by O and H atoms
ions are more attracted water than they are to their respective ion they bonded with!
what type of compound is a strong electrolyte in H2O? what does this mean?
ionic compounds are strong electrolytes in water
good conductors of electricity
what do we mean by aqueous ionic compounds?
individual ions floating around separately in water!
T/F: polyatomic ions do not stay as 1 unit when dissolved in water
false!! polyatomic ions DO stay as 1 unit when dissolved in water
do covalent compounds break down into different particles when dissolved or do molecules stay intact?
molecules stay intact!
ex. NaCl (ionic) = Na+ + Cl- (went from 1 mol of an ionic compound to 2 mol of ions)
vs.
C12 H22 O11 in H2O = C12 H22 O11 (aq)
(went from 1 mol to 1 mol of compound)
are covalent compounds dissolved in water electrolytes? what does this mean about their electricity conductance?
no, covalent compounds in water form NON ELECTROLYTES. cannot conduct electricity!
do partial charges/ions form in covalent compounds?
n o o o
define a strong electrolyte. what types of substances does this include?
solute that COMPLETELY DISSOCIATES in solution and is a good conductor of electricity.
includes
- soluble ionic compounds
- strong acids
- strong bases
define a weak electrolyte. what types of substances does this involve?
solute that PARTIALLY dissociates in solution. somewhat good electricity conductors.
involves
- weak acids
- weak bases
