DR reactions (gas forming, precipitation, neutralization), CIE/NIE, titrations/acids/bases Flashcards
formula for double displacement reactions?
AB (aq) + CD (aq) = AD + CB
what is defined as a double displacement reaction?
Start with 2 aqueous ionic compounds (or an acid/base) in which cations/anions switch for BOTH compounds
do all ionic compounds dissolve in water?
no! some are INSOLUBLE in water
soluble vs insoluble? how does that affect the product that will form in a double displacement reaction?
soluble = will dissolve (aqueous)
insoluble = will NOT dissolve and will form a solid product (s)
how can we determine which products are going to be soluble and which aren’t?
by looking at the solubility chart/rules! (given)
if a compound is “slightly soluble”, assume that it’s a ___
solid
a solid product in a double replacement reaction is called a ____.
the specific name for a D.R. reaction in which a solid product is formed is called a ____ reaction.
precipitate
a precipitation reaction!
what happens if both products are aqueous in a reaction? how do we write this?
NO reaction!!
do not write the products and write “no reaction” after the arrow
what is a complete ionic equation?
how do we approach solids, liquid, and gaseous states of matter? aqueous?
a chemical reaction equation in which we take all aqueous ionic compounds and SPLIT THEM INTO INDIVIDUAL IONS
split aqueous compounds up, but keep solids/liquids/gases TOGETHER!
T/F: we don’t need a balanced equation to write out the CIE/NIE.
false bruh! make sure all the individual ions are still balanced!
what are spectator ions? what is a NIE and how do we write it?
spectator ions= same on both sides of a complete ionic equation, that don’t do anything/react
write a NIE by first writing the CIE, then crossing out all the spectator ions!
what are gas forming reactions? what class of chemical reactions do they belong to?
2 aqueous ionic compounds react and form a GAS PRODUCT
a type of double replacement reaction!
5 gas forming reactions that you need to know?
if these gases form in a DR reaction, what do you do?
- H2CO3 (aq) = CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
- H2SO3 (aq) = SO2 (g) + H2O (l)
- NH4OH (aq) = NH3 (g) + H2O (l)
- H2S (aq)
- HCN (g)
if you get any of these gases as a product formed in a reaction, replace that gas with the above products that they form!
ex. H2CO3 formed = erase and write CO2 (g) + H2O (l) instead
(make sure to balance!)
what is a neutralization reaction?
An acid and base react to produce LIQUID WATER and an IONIC COMPOUND
neutralization reaction formula?
HA (aq) + BOH (aq) = H2O (l) + BA
why does liquid water form as a product of a neutralization reaction?
the H+/proton of the acid combines with the OH- of the base to form H2O (H+OH = HOH = H2O)!
what class of reactions does a neutralization reaction belong to?
double displacement reactions!
what are acids defined as ?
3 characteristics to identify acids?
acids = anything that DONATES H+
- produces H+ in H2O
- begins or ends with H
- has “acid” in its name
what are bases defined as? 2 ways to identify bases?
bases= anything that DONATES OH- or ACCEPTS H+
- produces OH- (if OH is part of the chemical formula)
- accepts a H+ AND leaves OH- from H2O
adding an acid ____ H+ concentration.
increases H+ concentration of solution!
adding a base ___ OH- concentration
increases OH- concentration of solution!
formula for a dissociation reaction of a (strong) acid in H2O?
HA (aq) = H+ (aq) + A- (aq)
how do strong acids differ from weak acids in terms of a) how they break down, b) H+ production, and c) electrolyte behavior?
strong acids = fully ionize/break up into ions in water. produce lots of H+ and are strong electrolytes
weak acids = do not fully ionize/break up into ions in water. produce little H+ and are weak electrolytes
what are the 6 strong acids? chemical formula and name?
- HCl, hydrochloric acid
- HBr, hydrobromic acid
- HNO3, nitric acid
- HI, hydroiodic acid
- H2SO4, sulfuric acid
- HClO4, perchloric acid
