DR reactions (gas forming, precipitation, neutralization), CIE/NIE, titrations/acids/bases

Question 1

formula for double displacement reactions?

Answer 1

AB (aq) + CD (aq) = AD + CB

Question 2

what is defined as a double displacement reaction?

Answer 2

Start with 2 aqueous ionic compounds (or an acid/base) in which cations/anions switch for BOTH compounds

Question 3

do all ionic compounds dissolve in water?

Answer 3

no! some are INSOLUBLE in water

Question 4

soluble vs insoluble? how does that affect the product that will form in a double displacement reaction?

Answer 4

soluble = will dissolve (aqueous)
insoluble = will NOT dissolve and will form a solid product (s)

Question 5

how can we determine which products are going to be soluble and which aren’t?

Answer 5

by looking at the solubility chart/rules! (given)

Question 6

if a compound is “slightly soluble”, assume that it’s a ___

Answer 6

solid

Question 7

a solid product in a double replacement reaction is called a ____.

the specific name for a D.R. reaction in which a solid product is formed is called a ____ reaction.

Answer 7

precipitate

a precipitation reaction!

Question 8

what happens if both products are aqueous in a reaction? how do we write this?

Answer 8

NO reaction!!
do not write the products and write “no reaction” after the arrow

Question 9

what is a complete ionic equation?
how do we approach solids, liquid, and gaseous states of matter? aqueous?

Answer 9

a chemical reaction equation in which we take all aqueous ionic compounds and SPLIT THEM INTO INDIVIDUAL IONS

split aqueous compounds up, but keep solids/liquids/gases TOGETHER!

Question 10

T/F: we don’t need a balanced equation to write out the CIE/NIE.

Answer 10

false bruh! make sure all the individual ions are still balanced!

Question 11

what are spectator ions? what is a NIE and how do we write it?

Answer 11

spectator ions= same on both sides of a complete ionic equation, that don’t do anything/react

write a NIE by first writing the CIE, then crossing out all the spectator ions!

Question 12

what are gas forming reactions? what class of chemical reactions do they belong to?

Answer 12

2 aqueous ionic compounds react and form a GAS PRODUCT

a type of double replacement reaction!

Question 13

5 gas forming reactions that you need to know?
if these gases form in a DR reaction, what do you do?

Answer 13

1. H2CO3 (aq) = CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
2. H2SO3 (aq) = SO2 (g) + H2O (l)
3. NH4OH (aq) = NH3 (g) + H2O (l)
4. H2S (aq)
5. HCN (g)

if you get any of these gases as a product formed in a reaction, replace that gas with the above products that they form!
ex. H2CO3 formed = erase and write CO2 (g) + H2O (l) instead

(make sure to balance!)

Question 14

what is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 14

An acid and base react to produce LIQUID WATER and an IONIC COMPOUND

Question 15

neutralization reaction formula?

Answer 15

HA (aq) + BOH (aq) = H2O (l) + BA

Question 16

why does liquid water form as a product of a neutralization reaction?

Answer 16

the H+/proton of the acid combines with the OH- of the base to form H2O (H+OH = HOH = H2O)!

Question 17

what class of reactions does a neutralization reaction belong to?

Answer 17

double displacement reactions!

Question 18

what are acids defined as ?
3 characteristics to identify acids?

Answer 18

acids = anything that DONATES H+
- produces H+ in H2O
- begins or ends with H
- has “acid” in its name

Question 19

what are bases defined as? 2 ways to identify bases?

Answer 19

bases= anything that DONATES OH- or ACCEPTS H+
- produces OH- (if OH is part of the chemical formula)
- accepts a H+ AND leaves OH- from H2O

Question 20

adding an acid ____ H+ concentration.

Answer 20

increases H+ concentration of solution!

Question 21

adding a base ___ OH- concentration

Answer 21

increases OH- concentration of solution!

Question 22

formula for a dissociation reaction of a (strong) acid in H2O?

Answer 22

HA (aq) = H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

Question 23

how do strong acids differ from weak acids in terms of a) how they break down, b) H+ production, and c) electrolyte behavior?

Answer 23

strong acids = fully ionize/break up into ions in water. produce lots of H+ and are strong electrolytes

weak acids = do not fully ionize/break up into ions in water. produce little H+ and are weak electrolytes

Question 24

what are the 6 strong acids? chemical formula and name?

Answer 24

1. HCl, hydrochloric acid
2. HBr, hydrobromic acid
3. HNO3, nitric acid
4. HI, hydroiodic acid
5. H2SO4, sulfuric acid
6. HClO4, perchloric acid

Question 25

what are the 8 strong bases? formulas and names

Answer 25

1. LiOH, lithium hydroxide
2. KOH, potassium hydroxide
3. NaOH, sodium hydroxide
4. RbOH, rubidium hydroxide
5. CsOH, cesium hydroxide
6. Ca(OH)2, calcium hydroxide
7. Sr(OH)2, strontium hydroxide
8. Ba(OH)2, barium hydroxide

Question 26

strong bases vs weak bases?

Answer 26

strong bases = fully ionize in water, are strong electrolytes

weak bases = do NOT fully ionize water (ionic compounds and molecular compounds present). weak electrolytes

Question 27

titrations involve what kind of reaction?

Answer 27

a double replacement neutralization reaction!

Question 28

what is defined as the equivalence point?
why is determining this point important?

Answer 28

moles acid = # moles base
if we know the moles of each solution needed to reach EQ point, we can find the molarity of each solution!

Question 29

“required to titrate” in a titration problems means __?

Answer 29

“to reach an equivalence point” (aka where the moles of H+ = moles of OH-)