Solubility & Solutions

Question 1

What do bases do?

Answer 1

the disassociate and produce OH- ions

Question 2

What do acids do?

Answer 2

they ionize and produce H+ ions

Question 3

What’s a neutralization reaction?

Answer 3

a reaction between an acid and base that produces a salt and water

(the pH is closer to 7)

Question 4

What’s a titrant?

Answer 4

the known solution in the buret

Question 5

What’s titration?

Answer 5

a lab procedure where you add solution from a buret into a sample
~ using the known volume & concentration of a titrant to find the unknown concentration of the sample

Question 6

What’s the end point

Answer 6

the point in titration at which a sharp change in property occurs (ex. colour change)

Question 7

What’s the equivalence point?

Answer 7

the point in titration where the amount of titrant is just enough to react with all the reactant in the sample

Question 8

Whats the parts per million formula

Answer 8

mass of solute / mass of solution x 10^6

Question 9

Whats the parts per billion formula

Answer 9

mass of solute / mass of solution x 10^9

Question 10

explain the intermolecular forces between solutions

Answer 10

• like polarity substances dissolve each other
• polar solvents dissolve polar solutes (dipole-dipole)
• non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes

Question 11

How does temperature affect solubility for solids and gases?

Answer 11

• as temperature increases, solubility of solids also increases
• as temperature increases, solubility of gases decreases

Question 12

Describe some characteristics of bases

Answer 12

• taste bitter and feel slippery
• have a pH over 7
• turn red litmus paper blue
• neutralize acids
• produce OH- ions
• dissociate (separation of ions)

Question 13

What’s a strong base?

Answer 13

a base that dissociates 100% in an aqueous solution

Question 14

Whats a weak base

Answer 14

a base that ionizes poorly
~ only a small percentage of the base molecules ionize

Question 15

Describe some characteristics of acids

Answer 15

• pH under 7
• turn blue litmus paper red
• ionize and produce H+ ions
• taste sour
• neutralize bases

~ react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas
~ react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas

Question 16

Whats a strong acid

Answer 16

an acid that ionizes almost completely (>99%)

Question 17

whats a weak acid

Answer 17

an acid that ionizes partially (under 50%).
~ this means that the ions there are also molecules

Question 18

Whats the percentage ionization

Answer 18

the amount of molecules that forms ions in a solution

Question 19

What is qualitative analysis

Answer 19

analysis that identifies elements, ions, or compounds in a sample

Question 20

What is the flame test

Answer 20

qualitative analysis that uses the colour that a sample produces in a flame to identify the metal ion(s) in the sample

Question 21

Whats an example of a weak acid

Answer 21

acetic acid, citric acid

Question 22

whats an example of a weak base

Answer 22

ammonia, copper hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide

Question 23

What’s an electrolyte

Answer 23

compounds in aqueous solutions that conduct electricity; highly soluble ionic compounds
~ ex. fruit juices, cleaning solutions