Acids & Bases Flashcards
What’s an acid?
a compound which releases H+ ions when ionized
ex: HCl + H20 –> H+ + Cl- ions
What’s a base?
a compound that releases OH- (hydroxide) ions when dissolved in water
ex: NaOH + H20 –> Na+ + OH- ions
What does (aq) stand for?
Aqueous
What are oxoacids?
acids that are made up of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and another element (usually but not always a non-metal)
How do you name acids that contain oxygen?
HFO4 = perfluorate (change to ic acid) –> perfluoric acid
HFO3 = fluorate (change to ic acid) –> fluoric acid
HFO2 = fluorite (change to ous acid) –> fluorous acid
HFO = hypofluorite (change to ous acid) –> hypofluorous acid
How do you name acids that do not contain oxygen?
- hydro (root) ic acid
ex: hydrogen fluoride (HF)
~ hydrofluoric acid
ex: hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
~ hydrocyanic acid
ex: hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
~ hydrosulfuric acid
How do you name acids with polyatomic ions?
ate –> ic acid
ite –> ous acid
If the polyatomic ion ends with ate, change it to ic acid. If the polyatomic ion ends with ite, change it to ous acid.
example: HNO3
~ NO3- is nitrate
~ therefore the name is nitric acid
example: H2SO3
~ SO3 ^2- is sulfite
~ therefore the name is sulfurous acid
How do you name acids with a monoatomic ion?
ide –> hydro (root) ic acid
As the monoatomic ion ends with ide, put hydro before the root of the monoatomic ion and add the ic acid at the end.
example: HCl
~ hydrochloric acid
example: H2S
~ hydrosulfuric acid
example: HCN
~ CN- is cyanide
~ name: hydrocyanic acid
How do you name bases?
add hydroxide behind the element’s name
ex: NaOH
~ sodium hydroxide
ex: Ca(OH)2
~ calcium hydroxide
What’s the formula for acids that do not contain oxygen?
H (negative ion) (aq)
ex: hydrogen fluoride
~ HF (aq)
ex: hydrogen chloride
~ HCl (aq)
ex: hydrogen sulfide
~ H2S (aq)
