Solubility Flashcards
What do non-polar solvents tend to dissolve?
Non-polar molecules.
What do polar solvents tend to dissolve?
Polar molecules.
Give an example of a polar solvent.
Water
Name some non-polar solvents.
Tetrachloromethane (CCl₄)
Benzene
Hexane
Describe how Sodium Chloride dissolves in water.
Water molecules form bonds between and Na⁺ and Cl⁻ which are strong enough to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and to break the NaCl lattice.
What is hydration energy?
This is the energy given out when bonds are formed with water molecules
What is lattice energy?
The energy required to break the bonds between molecules in an ionic lattice.
For a ionic substance to dissolve, what must be true?
The hydration energy must be greater than the lattice energy.
Describe how water dissolves alcohols.
Water will form strong hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl group in ethanol, methanol and propanol. This makes the two liquids completely miscible. But as the hydrocarbon chains get longer the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water decreases and solubility is lower.
Why are Alkanes insoluble in water?
Because the weak interactions between Alkanes and water are not strong enough to disrupt the hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
What is a saturated solution?
This is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at a given temprature.
What is up an unsaturated solution?
A solution that contains less than the maximum solute at a given temprature.
