Halogeno Alkanes Flashcards
What happens when1-chlorobutane is warmed with aqueous Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide and what kind of reaction is this?
A Nucleophillic Substitution reaction occurs to form butan-1-ol. The nucleophile is (OH)⁻ and it attacks the molecule from the opposite side from the Cl molecule.
How may halogeno alkanes be formed?
Through direct chlorination of alkanes e.g C₄H₁₀ + Cl₂ → C₄H₉Cl
Hat are some of the uses of Halogeno alkanes?
They are good solvents and can be used as degreasing agents in industry
As anesthetics e.g chloroform.
As Pesticides (DDT)
To create polymers
What were the problems with chloroform and what was it replaced with?
It could cause liver damage and there is only a small difference between the lethal dose and the anesthetic dose. It has now been replaced with 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-triflouroethane
What are the properties of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-triflouroethane
Works rapidly and smoothly
Not unpleasant or irritating to breath
Good safety margin between anesthetic dose and Lethal dose.
Does not affect the heart or other organs
Does mot cause nausea
Not flammable and non explosive.
What is DDT and why has its use been restricted?
This is dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and is a pesticide. It’s use had been restricted because it builds up in the environment and, being fat soluble builds up in the food chain.
What problems can polymers containing chlorine give rise to?
The monomer, chloroethene is highly toxic and combustion of the polymer can lead to high concentrations of CO, CO₂ and HCl in the atmosphere.
