Solids, Liquids and Gases - Ideal Gas Molecules

Question 1

what are the gas laws?

Answer 1

• gas molecules have rapid and random motion.
• when they hit the walls of the container, they exert a force.
• pressure = Force/Area

Question 2

why is there an absolute zero of temperature?

Answer 2

at absolute zero the particles have no thermal energy or kinetic energy, so they cannot exert a force

Question 3

how do you convert from celcius to kelvin?

Answer 3

add 273

Question 4

what happens to the speed of gas molecules when temperature is increased?

Answer 4

as you increase the temperature of a gas, the kinetic energy of the gas particles increases and thus their average speed also increases

Question 5

what is the relationship between kelvin temperature of a gas and average kinetic energy of the gas molecules?

Answer 5

the Kelvin temperature of a gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

Question 6

what happens to pressure when volume is decreased?

Answer 6

• if the same number of particles is placed in a container of smaller volume they will hit the walls of the container more often
• more collisions per second means that the particles are exerting a larger force on the wall over the same time, so pressure on the walls has increased

Question 7

what happens to pressure when temperature is increased?

Answer 7

• as you heat the gas, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, and thus so does their average speed
• this means more collisions per second with the walls, and they exert a larger force on the wall
• this causes in the total pressure being exerted by the particles to rise

Question 8

what is the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume?

Answer 8

pressure 1/temperature 1 = pressure 2/temperature 2
*temperature must be in Kelvin

Question 9

what is the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature?

Answer 9

pressure 1 x volume 1 = pressure 2 x volume 2