Solids, Liquids and Gases - Change of state

Question 1

why does heating a system (an object or group of objects) change the energy stored within the system and raise its temperature or produced changes of state

Answer 1

As by heating the system, the particles energy within it increasing the kinetic energy between them causing the temperature or state to change

Question 2

Describe the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas

Answer 2

When a solid melts into a liquid the temperature stays the same but the potential energy increases, creating enough energy to cause the intermolecular forces become weaker and turns the solid into a liquid

When a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas the temperature stays the same but the potential energy increases, creating enough energy to cause the intermolecular forces to become weaker and turns the liquid into a gas

Question 3

Explain the arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 3

1) Particles are in contact
2)Particles vibrate
3) Are connected by strong intermolecular forces
4) Diagram is a 5 by 5 square of touching circles (particles)

Question 4

Explain the arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 4

1) Most particles are still in contact (irregular arrangement)
2)Particles take the shape of the container and can slide over each other
3) Are connected by intermolecular forces with a strength in between strong (solid) and weak (gas)
4) Diagram is a rough 5 by 5 square of circles (particles) that is messy with gaps that are not big enough to fit another particle.

Question 5

Explain the arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 5

1) Particles are spread out and are no longer in contact
2) Particles move feely and contain a lot of K.E. (Brownian motion - moves in different speeds and directions
3) Are connected by weak intermolecular forces (negligible
4) Diagram are 4 - 5 circles (particles) spread out and not touching

Question 6

What happens to temperature on a temperature-time graph when a change of state is occurring

Answer 6

The line is straight (parallel to the) x-axis as the temperature stays the same when a change of state is occurring

Question 7

What is specific heat capacity

Answer 7

The energy required to change the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius per 1 kilogram of mass

Question 8

What is the equation for specific heat capacity

Answer 8

Change in (thermal) energy
= mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

Question 9

Practical: investigate the specific heat capacity of materials including water and some solids

Answer 9

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