solids, liquids, and gases Flashcards
1
Q
density formula
A
density=mass/volume
2
Q
density experiment for a regular shaped object
A
- record mass using scale (check for zero error)
- measure volume using ruler/vernier caliper
- substitute values into the formula ρ=m/v
3
Q
density experiment for liquid
A
- place a measuring cylinder onto a scale and tare it
- pour the liquid into the measuring cylinder and record the mass
- read the measurement of volume off the cylinder at: eye level to avoid the parallax error, from the bottom of the meniscus, and on a flat surface
- substitute values into the formula ρ=m/v
4
Q
density experiment for an irregular object
A
- record the mass using a balance
- for the volume there are two options:
- eureka can:
- fill the eureka can up to the spout
- submerge the irregular object
- collect the displaced water in a measuring cylinder
- the volume of the displaced water=the volume of the object - fill a cylinder with water
- submerge the irregular object
- the rise in the volume of water=the volume of the irregular object
- substitute values into the formula ρ=m/v
5
Q
pressure formula for solids
A
pressure= force/ area
- pascals (Pa)
- 1Pa=1N/m2
6
Q
pressure in liquids and gases
A
- acts equally in all directions
- increases with depth
- depends on the density
- doesn’t depend on the shape of the container
7
Q
pressure and depth
A
pressure increases with depth
8
Q
pressure difference formula
A
Pressure= density x gravitational field strength x height
P= ρ x g x h
9
Q
properties of solids
A
- solids have a definite rigid shape and are often very dense (the density of a substance is a measure of how tightly packed the particles are)
- the particles are very closely packed together in a regular arrangement. there are strong forces between the particles which give solid objects their definite shape
- they vibrate about fixed positions, their movement increases with heat because they gain more kinetic energy
10
Q
properties of liquids
A
- no definite shape
- particles are still close together and attract one another and hold together but they can slide over each other and move in random directions
- liquids occupy the lowest part of any container and are much more dense than gases but less dense than solids
- irregular arrangement
- their movement increases with heat because they gain more kinetic energy
11
Q
properties of gases
A
- particles are very spread out with large spaces between them, forces holding them together are weak
- gases have low densities and no definite shape , they can be compressed
- move randomly at high speeds
- the particles will bump into anything in the gas, or into the walls of the container, and the forces caused by these collisions exert a pressure
12
Q
why do gases exert pressure inside a container
A
- the gas particles move at high speeds in random directions inside the container
- as they do this they collide with themselves and the walls of the container, these are called elastic collisions
- this exerts a force on the surface area of the walls and since pressure=force/area this exerts a pressure inside the container
13
Q
boyle’s law
A
boyle’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas, at a constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to its volume
P1xV1=P2xV2
14
Q
absolute zero
A
absolute zero or kelvin zero= -237 degrees celsius
15
Q
converting kelvin to celsius
A
temp in k - 237
