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gcse physics > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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1
Q

energy stores

A

kinetic energy store, gravitational potential energy store, elastic potential energy store, electrostatic energy store, magnetic energy store, chemical potential energy store, nuclear energy store, thermal energy store

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2
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of a moving object

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3
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

the energy something gains when you lift it up, and which it loses when it falls

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4
Q

elastic potential energy

A

the energy of a stretched spring or elastic band

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5
Q

electrostatic energy

A

the energy due to the force of attraction (or repulsion) between two charges

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6
Q

magnetic energy

A

the energy due to the force of attraction (or repulsion) between two magnets

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7
Q

chemical potential energy

A

the energy contained in a chemical substance

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8
Q

nuclear energy

A

the energy contained within the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

thermal energy

A

the energy something has due to its temperature (or state)

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10
Q

energy transfers

A

mechanically, electrically, heating, radiation

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11
Q

mechanically (energy transfer)

A

when a force acts on a body, energy can be transferred between two stores

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12
Q

electrically (energy transfer)

A

electricity can transfer energy from a power source, delivering it to components within a circuit

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13
Q

heating (energy transfer)

A

thermal energy can be transferred from place to place by the process of conduction, convection and thermal radiation

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14
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

energy is not created or destroyed, it can only be used or transferred from one store to another

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15
Q

efficiency formula

A

useful energy output/ total energy output x100

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16
Q

gravitational potential energy formula

A

mass x gravitational field strength x height

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17
Q

relationship between work done and energy transferred

A

work done=energy transferred

18
Q

work done formula

A

work done=force x distance

19
Q

what is power

A

power is the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done

20
Q

power formula

A

power= work/time

21
Q

kinetic energy formula

A

ke= 1/2 x mass x velocity2

22
Q

thermal conduction

A

the transfer of thermal energy through a substance by the vibration of the atoms within the substance

23
Q

convection

A

the transfer of heat through fluids by the upward movement of warmer, less dense regions of fluid

24
Q

radiation

A

the transfer of energy by infrared waves

25
Q

GPE

A

the GPE of an object will increase if we apply a force on it in the opposite direction to the pull of gravity

26
Q

non-renewable resources of energy

A
  • burning fossil fuels
  • nuclear fuel
27
Q

fossil fuels +-

A

+cheap
+ can generate large amount of electricity in a single location

  • produces sulphur dioxide which causes acid rain
  • non-renewable, cannot be replaced easily
  • adds CO2 to the atmosphere
28
Q

nuclear fuel +-

A

+ ‘clean’ it does not produce greenhouse gases

  • nuclear power stations are expensive to build
  • non-renewable
  • accidents and problems with disposal of radioactive material
29
Q

electricity generated in power stations

A

heat from nuclear fuel or burning fossil fuels is used to heat water. high-pressure steam is produced that makes the blades of a turbine spin. turbine is used to turn the generator (this generates the electricity)

30
Q

renewable energy resources

A
  • hydroelectric power
  • wave energy
  • wind power
  • solar power
31
Q

hydroelectric power

A

hydroelectric pjower station uses a turbine to turn the generators. these power stations use the stored GPE of water in high reservoirs built in the mountains, the GPE is transferred to KE as the water flows down the mountain to the power station below

32
Q

hydroelectric power +-

A

+ clean
+ renewable

  • building the reservoirs and power stations can spoil the landscape
  • reservoir can destroy the natural habitat for wildlife
33
Q

tidal power

A

generate power by turning turbines as the tide flows into a dammed river estuary- where a river joins the sea.

34
Q

tidal power +-

A

+ renewable
+ more powerful than wind since water is denser
+ clean source of energy does not release greenhouse gases

  • expensive
  • dams might damage habitats for wildlife
35
Q

wave energy

A

energy can be extracted from waves, the continuous movement of the surface of the sea and oceans is the result of a combination of tides and wind

36
Q

wave energy +-

A

+ clean, produces no greenhouse gases

  • Wave-powered generators do not work in calm water
  • Wave-powered generators do not produce very much electricity
37
Q

wind power +-

A

+ clean
+ land under wind turbines can still be used for farming
+ renewable

  • lots of wind turbines are needed to produce useful amounts of electricity
  • can cause noise pollution and may kill birds and bats
38
Q

solar power

A

photovoltaic cells transfer light energy directly to electrical energy

39
Q

solar power +-

A

+ renewable
+ don’t produce greenhouse gases

  • only work when it is sunny
  • expensive
  • only 15% efficient
40
Q

geothermal energy +-

A

+ renewable
+ does not produce pollution

  • expensive
41
Q
A

gcse physics (8 decks)

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