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gcse physics > forces and motion > Flashcards

forces and motion Flashcards

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1
Q

average speed formula

A

average speed=distance/time

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2
Q

acceleration

A

the rate of change in velocity

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3
Q

acceleration formulas

A

a= v-u/t
a=v2-u2/2s (distance) (suvat)

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4
Q

important note about acceleration

A

change in direction is still acceleration

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5
Q

vector quantities

A
  • velocity
  • displacement
  • force
  • acceleration
  • momentum
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6
Q

scalar quantities

A
  • speed
  • distance
  • mass
  • energy
  • density
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7
Q

difference between scalar and vector

A

scalar= magnitude (size)
vector= magnitude AND DIRECTION

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8
Q

velocity formula

A

v=s/t

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9
Q

how forces can affect bodies

A
  • change their shape
  • change their speed
  • change their direction
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10
Q

weight

A

the name given to the force of gravity on a mass

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11
Q

electrostatic force

A

the force between two charges

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12
Q

thrust

A

the force pushing an object forward

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13
Q

air resistance

A

the friction of the air on a moving object

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14
Q

upthrust

A

the force of a fluid pushing on an object

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15
Q

compression

A

forces that are squashing an object

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16
Q

tension

A

forces that are stretching an object

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17
Q

normal reaction force

A

a force due to contact between two objects

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18
Q

force formula

A

force=mass x acceleration
f=ma

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19
Q

relationship between force and acceleration

A

directly proportional

gradient of force, acceleration graph: f/a=m

20
Q

relationship between acceleration and mass

A

inversely proportional

21
Q

stopping distance

A

stopping distance=thinking distance + braking distance

22
Q

factors affecting thinking distance

A
  • intoxication
  • distractions (e.g mobile phones)
  • tiredness
23
Q

factors affecting braking distance

A
  • condition of tyres and brakes
  • condition of road and weather
  • mass of vehicle (heavier=takes longer to stop)
24
Q

thinking distance

A

distance a vehicle travels in the time it takes for a driver to react to a situation and apply the brakes

25
Q

braking distance

A

the distance a vehicle takes to stop once the driver has applied the brakes

26
Q

terminal velocity

A

the maximum velocity an object can reach as it falls through a fluid

27
Q

weight formula

A

weight= m x g

28
Q

why g is smaller on the moon than on earth

A

the moon has a lower density and lower mass

29
Q

hooke’s law

A

the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied

30
Q

hooke’s law force formula

A

force=extension x spring constant

31
Q

elastic limit

A
  • material no longer shows elastic behavior
  • material is permanently deformed
32
Q

elastic bands

A

elastic bands do not obey hooke’s law because the extension is NOT directly proportional to the force applied

33
Q

momentum formula

A

momentum=mass x velocity

P=m x v

34
Q

momentum conservation

A

the momentum before is equal to the momentum after in any collision or explosion provided no external forces act on the system

35
Q

elastic collisions

A

when objects don’t stick together after the collision

36
Q

elastic collision equation

A

m1u1+- m2u2= +-m1v1+-m2v2

37
Q

plastic collision

A

when the objects stick together after the collision

38
Q

plastic collision equation

A

m1u1+-m2u2= v(m1+m2)

39
Q

isolated system

A

no external forces acting on the system

40
Q

force

A

the rate of change in momentum

41
Q

force and momentum formula

A

F=ΔP/t

42
Q

principle of moments

A

for a system to be balanced the sum of clockwise moments must be equal to the sum of anti-clockwise moments

43
Q

moment formula

A

moment= force x perpendicular distance from pivot

44
Q

car safety

A
  • crumple zones
  • air bags
  • side bars
  • collapsable steering wheels
  • designed to increase the time taken for a driver or passanger to change momentum because F=
45
Q

newtons 3 laws

A
  1. an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it
  2. f=mass x acceleration
  3. whenever two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other

gcse physics (8 decks)

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