solids, liquids and gases Flashcards
what is density
concentration of of mass
What is the equation for density
density=mass/volume m=P/v
What sort of units are used for density
g/cm^3 kg/cm^3 g/m^3 kg/m^3 g/km^3 kg/km^3
how do you find the volume of regular objects
v=BxHxL
how do you find the volume of a sphere
v=4/3xPIxR^3
How do you find the volume of an irregular object
using the eureka can experiment (measuring how much water comes out the can when you put the object in it)
what is 1ml in cm^3
1ml=1cm^3
what is the equation for pressure
p=F/a
what units are used for pressure
N/m^2 Pa N/cm^2 N/km^2
what is 1Pa equivalent to
1Pa=1N/m^2
How many cm^2 are in a m^2
10000cm^2=1m^2
How many mm^2 are in a m^2
1,000,000mm^2=1m^2
How does pressure vary in fluids
pressure in fluids act in all different directions
How does depth affect pressure in fluids
depth causes pressure in fluids to increase
What is the equation for total pressure
P=pxgxh+atmospheric pressure(100,000Pa)
what is the equation for change in pressure
P=pxgx(h2-h1)
explain pressure in gases
gas molecules move in a random motion, they collide with the side of the container exerting a force over an area p=f/a so therefore it exerts pressure
what are the equations for boyle’s law
p1xv1=p2xv2 p1=p2xv2/v1 v1=p2xv2/p1 p2=p1xv1/v2 v2=p1xv1/p2
why does the pressure of a fixed amount of gas increase with temperature
the particles gain KE, they collide with the side of the container with greater force and more frequently increasing the force over an area. increasing pressure
what is absolute zero in degrees celsius
-273*c
what is the kelvin scale
it starts at -273c so therefore 0K = -273c
-270K in *c
-270K = -3*c
300*c in K
573K = 300*c
what is the boyle’s law equation
p1/t1=p2/t2
what is the pressure-temperature law in gases
the pressure in a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in K (provided the same volume and amount of gas molecules)
what is the pressure-temperature equation
P=KxT(kelvin’s temperature only)
what is the definition of heat
a form of energy and is measure in J (Joules)
what is the definition of temperature
the measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in *c or K
what is the definition of specific heat capacity(SHC)
the amount of energy required to change 1kg of a substance by 1*c
equation for specific heat capacity
c=change in energy/mass x change in temperature
c=change in Q / m x change in T
equation for energy transferred
change in Q = m x c x change in T
changes between solid to liquid
energy is used to weaken the bonds
changes between liquid to gas
energy is used to break the bonds
changes between gas to liquid
energy is transferred away to produce bonds between particles
changes between liquid to gas
energy is transferred away to strengthen bonds
what factors effect the melting and boiling point
- adding impurities (salt, sugar, e.t.c)
- increasing pressure increases boiling point and decreases melting point
how does evaporation occur not at the boiling point
at the surface some particles will have enough KE to escape so therefore it can happen at any temperature
factors effecting the rate of evaporation
- surface area
- temperature
- wind blowing across the surface
