Solids Liquids And Gas Flashcards
What is it called when Liquid changes to gas
Boiling
What is it called when gas changes to liquid?
Condensing
What is it called when a Solid changes to liquid
Melting
What is it called when Liquid changes to solid
Freezing
How do gas particles move if they are not evenly distributed
From areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration
What do air particles do that causes air pressure
They move randomly and exert a force
What can be compressed?
Gases
Properties of solids (5)
Fixed volume (at a fixed temperature) Fixed shape Cannot be squashed Does not flow High density (mass is greater then the same volume as other materials)
Properties of liquids (5)
Fixed volume (fixed temperature)
Not fixed shape (takes shape of bottom of container)
Cannot be Squashed
It can flow
Although dense, usually lower density then solids
Properties of gases (5)
Not fixed volume (at a fixed temperature)
Not fixed shape
Can be squashed
Flow- spread to fill container (from high conc to lower conc)
Very low density
What happens when you heat a gas?
What happens when you cool a gas?
Its volume increases (heated)
Its volume decreases (cold)
What are the 3 main types of mixtures
Solution
Suspension
Substances
What are colloids
They are substance mixtures
Although they appear to be a single component they are actually made up of a mixture of 2 separate things
They do not separate while standing
Any solid, liquid or gas combination gas the potential to produce a colloid.(except gas and gas which are totally mixable )
Example of liquid in gas colloid
Fog
Mist
Hairspray
Example of solid in gas colloid
Smoke
Cloud
Gas in liquid colloid
Whipped cream (air in cream) Shaving cream
Liquid in liquid
Milk
Mayonnaise
Hand cream
Solid in liquid colloid
Blood
Ink
Gas in solid colloid
Aero
Pumice
Liquid in solid colloid
Jelly
Gelatin
Solid in solid colloid
Cranberry glass
Particles of a solid (3)
Fixed position
Very close together (so solids have high density and cannot be compressed)
Vibrate but not free to move
Particles of a liquid (2)
Close but flow freely over each other
Only small gaps between particles (so liquids have relatively high density and cannot be compressed)
Particles of a gas (5)
Furthest apart
Move randomly, freely quickly
Particles spread and fill a container
Particles move from high concentration to low concentration
Large gaps between particles (means gases have low density and gas mean gases can be compressed)
What happens when a liquid cools
Contracts (size)
What happens to a liquid when it’s heated
It expands (size)
What happens to eg. Copper when heated (2)
It expands
When you add heat/energy the particles become further apart and the solid expands
What happens to copper when it’s cooled
Contract
The effect of heat on dissolving
Dissolving gets quicker.
The particle in the hot water have more energy and move faster than particulars in cold water
They collide with the crystal more often therefore it dissolves quicker (dissolved)
How does heat travel down a metal rod
The heat energy passes from the heated end gradually down to the none heated end (rod, wax and paper clips)
(The particles heated by the flame increase in their amount of vibration (because they are hotter and have more energy), the vibration are then transferred to neighbouring particles and eventually to the position of the clips)
If particles are concentrated what does it mean?
Lots packed together
If the particles are in low concentration what does that mean
A few quite spread out
If liquid is sprayed describe the the distribution of the particles
They are more concentrated near the spray and less concentrated away from the spray
What happens to particles when wire is pulled
The particles are pulled further apart and the wires stretched. (At the same time the wire gets thinner)
What’s the air pressure for an empty bottle
The same on the inside and outside
If you create a vacuum in a bottle what happens
There are no air particles in a vacuum so the pressure inside becomes lower then the air pressure outside
What’s diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles in a fluid from an area of high concentration to an area with low concentration.
If two types of fluid are mixed the particles of each fluid will continue to mix until they are evenly distributed
Why do you get diffusion in gases and liquids but not in solids
The particles in gases and liquids are able to move about. Particles in solids cannot move about.
What’s brownian motion
It is is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or gas)
caused by the random collision of particles in the gas or liquid (making them move in an unpredictable way) For example smoke in the air or pollen on water
What is a fluid
Liquid (or a gas)
