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Cancer care > Solid tumours > Flashcards

Solid tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for bowel cancer

A

UC, Crohn’s, FAP, Low fibre diet, Smoking

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2
Q

Presentation of bowel cancer

A

Altered bowel habit, Melena, PR bleed, Anaemia, Weight loss, Tenesmus

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3
Q

Red flag symptoms for bowel cancer

A

Altered bowel habit > 6 weeks, PR bleed if > 45yr, Palpable mass, Iron deficiency anaemia

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4
Q

Common sites of bowel cancer metastases

A

Liver, Lung, Bone

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5
Q

Investigations for bowel cancer

A

Bloods (FBC, LFTs), Colonoscopy, CT CAP

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6
Q

Describe Duke’s staging

A

A - Above musclaris mucosa, B - Deep of musclaris mucosa, C - Lymph nodes, D - Mets

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7
Q

Management of bowel cancer

A

Chemotherapy, Radio therapy, Surgery

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8
Q

Surgery for removal of tumour in the sigmoid colon

A

Anterior resection

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9
Q

Surgery for removal of tumour in the rectum

A

Abdomino-perineal resection

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10
Q

Surgery for removal of tumour in the ascending colon

A

Right hemicolectomy

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11
Q

Surgery for removal of tumour in the descending colon

A

Left hemicolectomy

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12
Q

State the 2 methods of bowel cancer screening

A

Colonoscopy at 55 and faecal occult blood sampling at 65

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13
Q

Describe the process of faecal occult blood sampling

A

Normal - repeat in 2 years, 1 positive - repeat, 2 second positive offer colonoscopy

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14
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer

A

Family history, Advanced age, BRCA, Alcohol, Obesity, Late pregnancy, Early menarche, Late menopause, HRT, OCP

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15
Q

Symptoms of breast cancer

A

Lump, Nipple discharge, Redness, Weight loss, Bone pain

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16
Q

Signs of breast cancer

A

Skin dimpling, Nipple eczema (Paget’s), Lymphadenopathy, Inverted nipple

17
Q

Tool to determine prognosis of breast cancer

A

Nottingham prognostic index

18
Q

Investigations for breast cancer

A

Mammogram (older), USS (younger), FNA or core biopsy

19
Q

Management of breast cancer

A

Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Tamoxifen (is ER +ve), Herceptin (if HER2 +ve), Lumpectomy, Wide local excision, Mastectomy

20
Q

Symptoms of melanoma

A

Asymmetry, Irregular border, Irregular colour, Diameter > 7mm, Evolving, Bleeding, Crusting, Inflammation

21
Q

What to examine in skin cancer

A

Check nodes (axilla, groin, neck), Look for local reoccurance, Check sun exposed skin

22
Q

Management of melanoma

A

Surgical removal

Cancer care (3 decks)

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