Oncological emergencies Flashcards
Risk factors for neutropenic sepsis
5-10 days post chemo, Haematological malignancy, Clozapine, Co-amoxiclav, Carbimazole, DMARDs
Investigations for neutropenic sepsis
Bloods (FBC, U+Es, LFTs, Clotting), Blood cultures, Urine sample, Sputum sample, Stool sample, CXR`
Management of neutropenic sepsis
Tazocin 4.5g, G-CSF
Common tumours causing cord compression
Prostate, Lung, Breast
Symptoms of cord compression
Back pain (Severe, at night), Weakness, Parathesia, Urinary retention, Anal incontince
Signs of spinal cord compression
Tenderness, LMN signs at the level of the lesion, UMN signs below the level of the lesion
Investigation for cord compression
MRI spine
Management of cord compression
Dexamethosone 60mg, Radiotherapy, Laminectomy
Common causes of SVCO
Lung tumours, Lymohadenopathy, Thrombosis
Symptoms of SVCO
SoB, Orthopnoea, Face and arm oedema, Cough, Headache
Signs of SVCO
Raised JVP, Stridor, Pemberton sign
Define Pemberton sign
Face flushes when arms held up
Investigations for SVCO
CXR, CT, Venogram
Management of SVCO
Oxygen, Dexamethosone, Diuretics, Anti-coagulate, Radiotherapy, Stenting
Tumours at greatest risk of tumour lysis syndrome
Leukaemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma, Germ cell tumours, Small cell lung cancer
Risk factors for tumour lysis syndrome
3-7 days post chemo, Dehydration, Pre-existing renal disease
Symptoms of tumour lysis syndrome
Oliguria, Cramps, Weakness, Tetany, Seizures
U+E results with tumour lysis syndrome
Raised K, Urate, Phosphate, Cr
Reduced Ca
Prophylaxis for tumour lysis syndrome
Allopurinol, Hydration
Management of tumour lysis syndrome
Rasburicase, IV fluids, Dialysis (if required)
Malignant causes of hypercalcaemia
Lytic lesion, PTHrp, Myeloma
Symptoms of hypercalcaemia
Lethargy, Anorexia, Nausea, Polydypsia, Polyuria, Confusion, Constipation, Weakness
Management of hypercalcaemia
IV fluids, Bisphosphinates
