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Drug Dosage Forms > Solid Dosage Forms 1 > Flashcards

Solid Dosage Forms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Unit Operations in Pharmacy Manufacturing

A
  • Size Reduction
  • Granulation
  • Drying
  • Compression
  • Encapsulation
  • Mixing and Blending
  • Filtration and Clarification
  • Sterilization
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2
Q

Process of reducing larger size solid unit masses to
smaller size unit masses by mechanical means
Reasons to reduce particle size:

A

Size reduction

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3
Q

Principle means of size reduction

A
  • Cutting or shearing
  • Compressing
  • Impaction
  • Attrition
  • Combined impaction and attrition
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4
Q

Factors in choosing a mill

A
  1. Properties of feedstock
  2. Specification of product
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5
Q

Process by which poser particles are made to
adhere to form larger particles

A

Granulation

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6
Q

reasons for granulation

A
  • Prevent segregation of constituents in
    powder mix
  • Improve the flow properties of the
    powder mix because particles are larger
    and more isodiametric
  • Improve compression characteristics of
    mix
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7
Q

Methods of granulation

A

wet granulation
dry granulation
hot melt granulation

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8
Q

“Wet massing”
Massing of the powder mix using a solvent (alone
or within a granulating agent)

A

Wet granulation

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9
Q

Solvents used in wet granulation

A
  1. water
  2. organic solvents
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10
Q

It is nonflammable, nontoxic, undergoes hydrolysis, and has long drying time

A

water

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11
Q

it is an alternative to dry granulation, used for water-sensitive drugs, and rapid drying

A

organic solvents

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12
Q

examples of wet granulation equipment

A
  • Shear granulator
  • Fluid bed granulator
  • Spray dryer
  • Spheronizer/pelletizer
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13
Q

Particles are aggregated using high pressure
For drugs which do not compress well after wet
granulation and are sensitive to moisture

A

Dry granulation

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14
Q

2 processes for dry granulation

A

slugging
roller compaction

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15
Q

Process of putting together in one mass with more or less thorough diffusion blending

A

Mixing

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16
Q

Classification of Mixing Equipment

A
  1. batch type
  2. continuous type
17
Q

Process of removing water (or other liquid) from a
solid or semisolid mass by evaporative process

A

Drying

18
Q

factors in choosing a drying equipment

A

nature of product
cost

19
Q

examples of drying equipment

A
  1. Tray dryer
  2. Vacuum dryer
  3. Infrared dryer
  4. Radiofrequency dryer
  5. Fluid bed dryer
20
Q

Solid Dosage Form Excipients

A
  1. Diluents
  2. Binders
  3. Lubricants
  4. Glidants and Antiadherents
  5. Disintegrants
  6. Superdisintegrants
  7. Added Functionality Ingredients
  8. Colorants
21
Q

Should be chemically inert, nonhygroscopic, and hydrophilic. An inert substance is frequently added to increase the bulk of a tablet for processing and handling.

A
  1. Lactose
  2. Starch
  3. Sucrose
  4. Mannitol
  5. Sorbitol
  6. Microcrystalline cellulose
  7. Hydrolyzed starch
22
Q

Promote cohesiveness within powders, thereby ensuring that the tablet remains intact after compression as well as improving the flow by forming granules impart adequate cohesion without retarding disintegration or dissolution

A

Binder

23
Q

Binder examples

A
  1. Water
  2. Alcohol
  3. Starch Paste
  4. Acacia Mucilage
  5. Gelatin Solution
  6. Tragacanth Mucilage
  7. Sucrose Solution
  8. Methylcellulose Solution
  9. Sodium CMC Solution
  10. PVP Solution
  11. Sorbitol
24
Q

reduce friction between the tablet and the die wall during compression and ejection

A

Lubricant

25
Q

Fine powders and may be required for tablet compression at high production speeds to improve the flow properties of the material into the die or during initial compression stages

They are added in the dry state immediately prior to compression and, by virtue of their low adhesive potential, reduce the friction between particles

A

Glidants and antiadherents

26
Q

added to a formulation to overcome the cohesive strength imparted during compression, thus facilitating break up of the formulation in the body and increasing the surface area for dissolution.

They can be either intragranular, extragranular, or
both

A

Disintegrant

27
Q

Mechanism of Action of Disintegrant:

A
  • Swelling
  • Porosity and Capillary Action (Wicking)
  • Deformation
28
Q

example of disintegrants

A
  1. Starch
  2. Starch derivatives
  3. Gums
  4. Cellulose derivatives
  5. MCC (Avicel)
  6. Alginates
  7. Clays
  8. Effervescent mixtures
  9. Enzymes
29
Q

so called because of the relatively low levels
required (2 – 4% w/ w)

A

Superdisintegrant

30
Q

Three superdisintegrants

A
  • Sodium starch glycollate (primojel, explotab)
  • Crospovidone
  • Croscarmellose sodium
31
Q
  • modified starch
  • made by cross-linking potato starch
  • can swell up to 12 - fold in less than 30 s
A

Sodium starch glycollate

32
Q
  • cross-linked povidone
  • completely insoluble in water
  • rapidly disperses and swells in water, but does
    not gel even after prolonged exposure
  • It rapidly exhibits high capillary activity and
    pronounced hydration capacity
A

Crospovidone

33
Q
  • modified cellulose
  • a cross - linked polymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium
  • insoluble in water
  • rapidly swells to 4 – 8 times its original volume on contact with water
A

croscarmellose sodium

Drug Dosage Forms (8 decks)

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