solar system and the sun

Question 1

the solar nebula theory

about 5 billion years ago, _________ begun to contract through gravity and formed ____

Answer 1

a massive cloud of gas and dust / masses

Question 2

the solar nebula theory

______ in the center of the mass ______

Answer 2

temperature and pressure / increases

Question 3

the solar nebula theory

center becomes a ______

Answer 3

protostar

Question 4

the solar nebula theory

____ _____ occurs between hydrogen nuclei in the center

Answer 4

nuclear fusion

Question 5

the solar nebula theory

sun begins to form– starts ____

Answer 5

shining

Question 6

the solar nebula theory

remaining materials around the sun lump together to form ____

Answer 6

planets

Question 7

supporting evidence for the solar nebula theory

planets orbit the sun in the ___ _______

Answer 7

same direction

Question 8

supporting evidence for the solar nebula theory

most planets orbit the sun on the ___ ____

Answer 8

same plane

Question 9

supporting evidence for the solar nebula theory

most planets rotate in the ___ _____

Answer 9

same direction

Question 10

core

____ part

Answer 10

inner

Question 11

core

high ______ and _____

Answer 11

pressure / temperature

Question 12

core

_______________ occurs

Answer 12

nuclear fusion of hydrogen

Question 13

produce a huge amount of ______

Answer 13

energy

Question 14

radioactive zone

all energy is carried outwards by radiation in ____ _______

Answer 14

all directions

Question 15

radioactive zone

energy takes more than ______ years to reach sun’s surface

Answer 15

100 000

Question 16

convective zone

hot plasma rises, carrying ____ towards the surface. after it cools it falls and repeats the process

Answer 16

energy

Question 17

convective zone

what is convection?

Answer 17

the constant circulation of plasma

Question 18

photosphere

what is “photo”?

Answer 18

light, visible surface

Question 19

what is the photosphere?

Answer 19

the part of the sun we see from earth

Question 20

photosphere

sends ___ and ____ to earth

Answer 20

light / heat

Question 21

where are the sunspots?

Answer 21

photosphere

Question 22

chromosphere

what is “chromo”?

Answer 22

coloured

Question 23

corona

_____ layer, outermost ______

Answer 23

outermost / atmosphere

Question 24

when is the corona most clearly visible?

Answer 24

during a solar eclipse

Question 25

corona | ____ _____ occurs

Answer 25

solar wind

Question 26

what is a sunspot?

Answer 26

area of strong magnetic field on sun's surface

Question 27

what is the effect of a sunspot?

Answer 27

creates a lower temperature region in the sun

Question 28

what is prominence?

Answer 28

a slow, low energy ejection of gases from the surface and form a loop outwards into the atmosphere

Question 29

what is the effect of prominence?

Answer 29

minimal effect on earth

Question 30

what is a solar flare?

Answer 30

intense ejection of high- energy charged particles into space

Question 31

what is the effect of a solar flare?

Answer 31

increases the strength of a solar wind

Question 32

what is a coronal mass ejection (CME)?

Answer 32

large clouds of extremely high speed charged particles erupted from corona

Question 33

what is the effect of a CME?

Answer 33

damages power grids, satellites and communications

Question 34

what is a solar wind?

Answer 34

a steady stream of high speed charged subatomic particles flowing out of the sun in all directions

Question 35

what are 3 effects of a solar wind?

Answer 35

- affects flight paths and damages electronic equipment on spacecraft - damages power grids, satellites and communications - creates aurora borealis

Question 36

what are the 6 layers of the sun (inner => outer)

Answer 36

- core - radiative zone - convective zone - photosphere - chromosphere - corona