Solar System

Question 1

What does the universe consist of ?

Answer 1

Billions of galaxies, which contain billions of stars

Question 2

What does the solar system consist of?

Answer 2

The sun (a star), planets in orbit around the sun, satellite moons, comets and asteroids

Question 3

Order of planets

Answer 3

Mercury 
Venus 
Earth
Mars
Jupiter 
Saturn 
Uranus 
Neptune

Question 4

What helps keep everything in orbit

Answer 4

The suns gravity

Question 5

What are asteroids?

Answer 5

Rocky objects orbiting the sun in the asteroid belt

Question 6

What are meteors ?

Answer 6

Tiny chunks of rock moving through the solar system

Question 7

Orbital speed equation

Answer 7

Orbital speed = distance / time

Question 8

How do all objects stay in their orbit?

Answer 8

Gravitational force

Question 9

What does the gravitational field strength depend on?

Answer 9

Mass and radius

Question 10

The further away the galaxy….

Answer 10

The greater the red-shift

Question 11

What are spectral likes due to?

Answer 11

Elements present in stars (mostly hydrogen)

Question 12

Equation to calculate how fast a galaxy is moving

Answer 12

Change in wavelength / reference wavelength = velocity of galaxy /speed of light

Question 13

What did Hubble calculate?

Answer 13

The recession speeds for many galaxies and compared them to distance they were from us

Question 14

What did Hubble find out?

Answer 14

The further away a galaxy, the faster it is moving away

Speed and distance are proportional

He concluded that the universe must be expanding

Question 15

Big Bang theory

Answer 15

1) every galaxy in the universe moves away from every other galaxy as it expands
2) therefore the galaxy must have been smaller previously
3) implies it started at a single point called a Big Bang
4) 14 million years ago

Question 16

Another piece supporting Big Bang theory

Answer 16

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation

Question 17

Explain the CMBR

Answer 17

When the universe formed, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation existed through space

As the universe expanded, the wavelength increased, until now when it is in the microwave region

Question 18

Explain the electrostatics of a plastic rod and cloth

Answer 18

1) initially uncharged rod and cloth
2) friction causes negative charges to move from rod and cloth
3) rod becomes positive
4) cloth becomes negative

Question 19

Only negative…..

Answer 19

Ever move

Question 20

Can metals be charged by friction?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Like charges….

Answer 21

Repel

Question 22

Opposite charges….

Answer 22

Attract

Question 23

What is the elastic region?

Answer 23

The region where the extension and force are proportional

Question 24

What does hooke’s law state

Answer 24

The force is directly proportional to the extension, in the elastic region

Question 25

When is a material elastic ?

Answer 25

If it returns to its original shape/size when force removed

Question 26

When is a material plastic ?

Answer 26

If it does not return to its original shape/size when force removed

Question 27

Why are the loading and unloading lines separated during the process of stretching

Answer 27

Heat is stored in the band during the proces

Question 28

What is red shift a result of

Answer 28

It’s a result of the space between earth and galaxies expanding

Question 29

What is red shift

Answer 29

When the galaxies are moving away from us, the expansion stretched out the light waves during their journey to us - shifting the spectral lines toward the red end of the spectrum

Question 30

What happens when galaxies move away

Answer 30

The absorption lines undergo a Doppler shift

Question 31

The more the redshifted the light from the galaxy is….

Answer 31

The faster the galaxy is moving away from earth