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soils > soils part 2 > Flashcards

soils part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the smalles of the Protozoa

A

Flagellates

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2
Q

how many soil orders are there

A

12

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2
Q

what are endogeic species

A

upper soil species of earthworms - not permenant burrows

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3
Q

what are epigeic species

A

surface soil and litter species of earthworms - small and adaptable

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4
Q

Ultisols *

A

well developed soils with a relatively fine-textured subsoil horizon that has a base saturation of less than 35 %

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4
Q

Vertisols

A

soils with more than 30 % clay which appreciably expand upon wetting and contrast upon drying

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4
Q

when are bacteria more competitive?

A

when labile (esy to metabolize) substrates are present

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4
Q

what di fungi usually grow as?

A

long threas or strands called hyphae

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6
Q

what can nematodes be used for

A

indicators of soil quality because they respond to changes in moisture and temperature

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7
Q

Oxisols*

A

highly weather soils of the tropics

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7
Q

what do mutualists do

A

colonize plant roots (add nutrients in exchange for carbon dioxide)

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7
Q

forests are observed to increase in _____ as ______ increases

A

productivity … fungal biomass

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7
Q

what are Protozoa

A

single celled animals

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7
Q

how many athropods will a square yard of soil contain

A

500 - 200000

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8
Q

andisols

A

soilds of volcanic orgin

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8
Q

what is the middle sized protozoa

A

amoebae

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10
Q

what do earthworms do?

A

stimulate microbial activity, mix and aggregate soil. Increas infiltration, improve water holding capcity, provide channels for toot growth, and bury and shred plant residue

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11
Q

what is the other name for decomposers

A

saprophytic fungi

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13
Q

based on biomass what are the most predominant group of soil invertibrates in the soil

A

earthworms

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14
Q

what are nematodes

A

nonsegmented worms

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15
Q

Histosols *

A

soils composed of relatively think(usually 16 inches or more) organic materials (muck and peats)

17
Q

what is responsible for the fresh smell of soil?

A

Actinomycetes

18
Q

what type of soils suppress nitrifyinh bacteria

A

forest soils

20
Q

where are the majority of all soil species confined to

A

the top 3 inches

21
Q

what are the six categories of the soil taxonomic system

A

order, suborder, great group, sub group, family, and series

22
Q

what are anthropods

A

jointed body invertebrates that have an exoskeleton == bugs

23
Q

Saprophytic fungi are commonly active around what

A

woody plant residue

25
Q

what do nematodes do

A

nutrient cycling, Grazing, dispersal of microbes, food source, disease suppression

26
Q

what do protozoa do

A

play an important role in mineralizing nurtrients release ammonium (NH4+) and regulate bacteria populations

27
Q

Entisols *

A

soils with little or no horizon development

28
Q

what do earth worms help with

A

water pollution by run off and they can till soil instead of machines which can improve soil structure and life

30
Q

where are nematodes

A

concentrated. More common in coarser textured soils because they move in soils — more common in forests then grass lands then agricultural areas

31
Q

what is the other name for mutualists

A

mycorrhizal fungi

32
Q

aridisols

A

dry soils that occur in arid or semi-arid regions

32
Q

what do denitrifying bacteria do?

A

convert nitrate to nitrogen (N2) or nitrous oxide (N20) gas

33
Q

Inceptisols *

A

soils of humid regions with profile development sufficient to exclude them from the Entisols, but insufficient to include them is spodosols, Ultisols, or other well developed soils. Soils that appear to be like Mollisols but have less than 50 % or more base saturation may also be Incepticsols

34
Q

Alfisols*

A

well developed soils with a relatively fine-textured subsoil horizon that has a base saturation of 35 % or more

35
Q

what are endomycorrhizae associated with

A

root cells and grasses and shrubs

36
Q

what is the most important family of earthworms in enhancing agricultural soil

A

lumbricidae

38
Q

what are anecic species

A

deep burrowing species of earthworm - permanent burrow systems

40
Q

what are ectomycorrhizae associated with

A

trees and the surface

41
Q

Gelosols

A

soils of cold climates influenced by permafrost

43
Q

what do nitrifying bateria do?

A

change ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-) then to Nitrate (NO3-)

44
Q

Spodosols *

A

soils with a spodic horison (a dark-colored subhorizon with a mixture of organic matter and aluminum, with or with out iron)

45
Q

what are shredders

A

chew up dead plant matter as they eat bateria and fungi

46
Q

mollisols *

A

Soild with think (usually 10 inches or more), dark surfaces that have a base saturation of 50 % or more in the surface soil.

47
Q

how many soil orders are found in florida

A

7

48
Q

what are masses of Hyphae called?

A

rhizomorphs

49
Q

what is the largest Protozoa

A

Ciliates

50
Q

what do antropods do

A

shred organic material, stimulate microbial activity, mix microbes with food, mineralize plant nutrients, enhance soil aggregation , burrow , stimulate the succession of species, and control pests

soils (4 decks)

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