soils part 1 Flashcards
what is important in holding and retaining water in the soil
micropores
What type of rock is this?
platy
what is fragipan
a dense, nearly impermeable subsurface layer
what is the R Horizon
the lowest horizon. Consists of bedrock.
what is the study of soils called
pedology
what are mature soils
soils with clearly defined layers
what is a profile
a vertical column of soil
what is the E Horizon
main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, or aluminum, which leaves a concentration of sand and silt-sized particles
What type of rock is this?
granular
what is the C Horizon
also known as the substratum. May consist of less clay or other less-weathered sediments than layers above. Partially disintegrated parent material and minerals are present
What type of rock is this?
Prismatic
what is the O Horizons
dominated by organic material.
What is a claypan
when the result is extremely compacted of soil particles
what would cause loss of horizons
intense agriculture and serve erosion
What type of rock is this?
Subangular blocky
what is Permeability
refers to the rate of water and air movement through soil or bedrock, if present. This may be considered internal drainage. Measured in inch per hour.
what is a caliche
layers cemented by calcium carbonate
what are drainage classes
periods of saturation or partial saturation during the soil formation
what is the B Horizon
lies directly below an A, E, or O horizon. It is referred to as the sub soil. Usually lighter colored, denser, and lower in organic matter than the upper horizons. Called the zone of accumulation because of leaching.
what is a ironpan
layers cemented by iron oxide
how many major textual class names are there?
12
what is essential to the movement of gases?
macropores
what plays a major role in soil formation
climate
what does a healthy topsoil have
50% pore space
what is leaching
the process by which materials move downward by water
what is soil compaction
soil destruction caused by tillage, agriculture, and heavy foot and vechicle traffic
what are horizons
soil layers in the profile
What type of rock is this?
columnar
what is the order of the horizons
O A B C R
what are the 5 soil-forming factors?
1) type of parent material 2) the climate 3) plants and animals around 4) relief of land 5) the length of time the other factors have interacted
what is the A Horizon
formed at surface or below O horizon. Mostly organic matter and minerals . Generally darker than lower horizons. This is where most plant root activity occurs. Maybe be called the surface layer in a soil survey called the zone of leaching.
what is a hardpan
cementation of soil particles
what is the most vulnerable to compaction
macropores
what do the pans cause
the water to run flow horizontally through the soil until it reaches a break in the pan
what is porosity?
refers the amount and size of spaces between soil or rock particles. Determines the amount of water that a soil can hold
What type of rock is this?
angular blocky
florida state soil
Myakka fine sand
