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SOIL 3600 > Soil Classification > Flashcards

Soil Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is pedology?

A

It is a branch of soil science focusing on soil formation and classification. It is much needed in the future.

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2
Q

How is soil classification relevant? (2)

A
  1. It determines the suitability of soil for various uses.
  2. Organize the knowledge of soils so that it can be communicated.
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3
Q

How many more years are needed for pedological work in Canada to arrive at the current soil classification system?

A

80

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4
Q

Define soil.

A

Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated minerals or organic matter at least 10cm thick that appears at the earth’s surface and can support plant growth.

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5
Q

What does naturally occurring soil include?

A

Soils that are created due to human activities such as cultivation and logging but not gravel dumps and mining.

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6
Q

What are unconsolidated materials?

A

Materials compacted or cemented by soil-forming processes.

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7
Q

What is the control section?

A

It is the vertical section of soil upon which classification is based.

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8
Q

How much water can be covering the soil for it to be considered soil?

A

60cm

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9
Q

How much material does soil need to be covered with to be considered buried soil?

A

At least 50am

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10
Q

What are the five things considered non-soils?

A
  1. Soil materials: ex. dumps of earth fill.
  2. Unconsolidated minerals or organic material thinner than 10 cm overlying bedrock.
  3. Overlying bedrock
  4. Unconsolidated material covered by more than 60cm of water.
  5. Organic material less than 40cm overlying water.
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11
Q

What is the minimum soil required above bedrock for it to be considered soil?

A

10cm

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12
Q

How much soil volume is needed for soil classification?

A

A Pedon.

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13
Q

What is a pedon?

A

The smallest three-dimensional unit considered soil.

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14
Q

What are the three conditions that make up a pedon?

A
  1. It needs to be considered a soil.
  2. It’s lateral dimensions are 1 - 3.5m .
  3. Vertical dimension is dependent on soil type.
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15
Q

When measuring a pedon what are the vertical dimensions for mineral soil?

A

Either 25cm below the upper boundary of C or 2m whichever is less.

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16
Q

When measuring a pedon what are the vertical dimensions for organic soil?

A

depth of 1.6m or lthic contact.

17
Q

What is a contiguous (touching) group of similar pedons called?

A

Polypedon

18
Q

What are the 5 soil classification categories called?

A
  1. Order
  2. Great group
  3. Subgroup
  4. Families
  5. Series
19
Q

What is soil classification category order?

A

This is the broadest category. It classifies the soil based on environmental factors such as water, temp, and effects of dominant soil forming processes.

20
Q

Explain the classification category, great group.

A

This category is formed by subdividing the order into categories. Great group focuses more on the specificities of soil forming processes.

21
Q

Explain the classification category, subgroup.

A

The subgroup divides the great group according to the horizons present in the pedon.

22
Q

Explain the classification category, families.

A

Formed by the subdivision of subgroup based on parent material characteristics such as particle size, mineralogy, depth, and so on.

23
Q

Explain the classification category, Series.

A

Formed by the subdivision of families category based on the detailed appearance of the pedon. Ex: color, texture, thickness and composition.

24
Q

Name the 12 global orders of soil.

A
  1. Alfisols
  2. Andisols
  3. Aridisols
  4. Entisols
  5. Gelisols
  6. Histosols
  7. Inseptisols
  8. Mollisols
  9. Oxisols
  10. Spodosols
  11. Ultisols
  12. Vertisols
25
Q

What are Alfisols?

A

Soils in deciduous forests.

26
Q

What are Andisols?

A

Soils formed in volcanic material.

27
Q

What are Entisols? Hint: Kinda sounds like end.

A

Little if any Horizon development.

28
Q

What are Gelisols? Hint: Found in Canada.

A

Soils containing permafrost.

29
Q

What are Histosols?

A

Soils formed in organic material.

30
Q

What are Inceptisols?

A

Beginning of horizon

31
Q

What are mollisols? Hint: Think of prairies.

A

Soft, grassland soils.

32
Q

What are oxisols?

A

Extremely weathered tropical soils.

33
Q

What are Spodosols?

A

Acidic coniferous forest soils.

34
Q

What are untisols?

A

Extremely weathered soils

35
Q

What are vertisols? Hint: this is the difficult soil.

A

Shrinking and swelling clay soils.

36
Q

What are the 10 soil orders in the Canadian Soil Classification system?

A
  1. Chernozemin
  2. Solonetzic
  3. Podzolic
  4. Luvisolic
  5. Brunisolic
  6. Gleysolic
  7. Regosolic
  8. Vertisolic
  9. Cryosolic
  10. Organic
37
Q

What are 4 of the soil types found near Winnipeg?

A
  1. Padzolic
  2. Luvisolic
  3. Regosolic
  4. Organic

SOIL 3600 (13 decks)

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