Soil

Question 1

Whats the composition of soil

Answer 1

Parent rock (45%,)
water (25%)
air (25%)
Humus (4%)
living organisms (1%)

Question 2

What are the profiles for brown soils

Answer 2

The O horizon has a thick layer of leaf litter, usually from deciduous trees.
The A horizon (topsoil) is dark and rich in humus.
The B horizon contains minerals and nutrients, with less organic matter.
The C horizon consists of weathered parent rock.

Question 3

What are the profiles for podzol soils

Answer 3

The O horizon has a thin layer of leaf litter, typically from coniferous trees.
The A horizon is grey and heavily leached, meaning nutrients are washed down to lower layers.
The B horizon contains accumulated minerals like iron and aluminum, forming a hardpan layer.
The C horizon is made up of impermeable bedrock