SOGI Flashcards
Primordial Prevention
- Prevent conditions that would enable risk factors for disease from developing
- Conditions, actions, and measures that minimize hazards to health
- Inhibit the emergence and establishment of processes and factors that increase risk of disease (environmental, economic, social, behavioural, cultural)
- Example: Iodized salt has been used for decades for micronutrient deficiencies
- Newer evidence suggests we may also need to add folic acid to iodized salt
Primary Prevention
- Prioritizes lessening the impact of specific risk factors, and reducing the occurrence or incidence of a disease
- Initiatives “interrupt the chain of causality” before a physiological or psychological abnormality are identified
- Occurs through health promotion + specific actions
- May entail both personal and communal efforts
- Examples: decreasing environmental risks, enhancing nutritional status, immunizing against communicable disease, or improving water supplies
Secondary Prevention
- Identify disease processes as early as possible, usually at a preclinical stage which may reduce prevalence by curbing duration
- Disrupts causality chain where psychological or physiological abnormality is present but before manifestation/symptoms are observed
- Typically targets those already accessing healthcare services
- PHN’s may plan, implement, or evaluate early clinical detection and population-based screening programs aimed at secondary prevention
- Example: Postpartum depression screening, colorectal or cervical cancer screening
Tertiary Prevention
- Aimed at reducing the impact of long-term disease and disability by eliminating or reducing impairment or disability
- Occurs “after sign or symptom is present” and reduces the likelihood of progression
- Example: Studies show that marginalized women living with various vulnerabilities (mental illness, active substance use, HIV, unstable housing) show improved measures of HIV care when exposed weekly to a texting intervention
- Additional Examples: Chronic disease management programs, support groups
- Vocational rehabilitation programs that retrain workers for new jobs after recovering as much as possible
- Screening patients with diabetes for diabetic retinopathy to prevent progression to blindness
Quaternary Prevention
- Identifies individuals or populations at risk of over-medicalization
- Guidelines and policies are put in place to help protect individuals from over-diagnosis
- May include protecting populations from new medical procedures or interventions that are untested and proposing alternatives that are ethically appropriate
- Example: Studies from 2017 found those that were found to have BRCA “variant of uncertain significance” (VUS) has higher rates of mastectomy’s exceeding 38%. Over time, a large proportion of VUS strains were reclassified as benign
- PHN’s could engage in support groups to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of prophylactic mastectomy
Health Promotion
A process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their own health
What are the Health Promotion Values?
- Empowerment
- Social Justice and equity
- Inclusion
- Respect
What is Gender?
- The expression of one’s sex in terms of masculinity and femininity and is rooted in culture and history
- Recognized as a key social determinant of health
- Includes norms, behaviours, roles, and relationships with each other
Gender Identity is…
How we see ourselves as women, men, neither, or both and affects our feelings and behaviours
Cisgender (Binary)
A person whose internal gender identity matches their external identity
Non-Binary is…
An umbrella term to include all gender identities that fall outside of the gender binary
Agender
A person who identifies as having no gender
Two-Spirit
- A person who embodies both a masculine and feminine spirit
- Culture specific term used among Indigenous peoples
Gender non-conforming
A person whose gender expression differs from a given society’s norms for male and females
Bigender
A person whose gender identity is a combination of two genders
Gender fluid
A person whose gender identity is not fixed. They may always feel like a mix of the two traditional genders, but may feel more one gender some of the time, and another gender at others
Transfeminine
A person who was assigned male sex at birth, but who identifies with femininity to a greater extent than masculinity
Trans-masculine
A person who was assigned female sex at birth, but who identifies with masculinity to a greater extent than femininity
Pangender
A person whose gender identity is comprised of many genders
Genderqueer
A person whose gender identity falls outside of the traditional binary gender structure
Gender-Based lens
- Way of ensuring that policies, programs, services and interventions are appropriate for all
- Sheds light on constraints and opportunities of individuals
- Enables the CHN to also consider class, race, ability, sexual orientation, and indigenous status when considering strengths and barriers
Importance of using names and pronouns to reduce misgendering
- It is very common for non-binary people to be addressed using gender- specific language that does not match their gender identity -> misgendering
- Some non-binary people do not identify with the name they were given at birth, and may choose a new name -> always refer to the client by the name they indicate
- Misgendering is one of the greatest barriers to accessing affirmative health care
Gender-Neutral Pronoun Set from Trans-Community
- ze/hir/hirs + ze/zir/zirs
- Ze is pronounced like the letter “z”
- Hir/Zir is pronounced like the word “here”
- Data collection is important in providing routine care
- Systematically collect routine information on gender identity as well as names and pronouns on intake forms
- This information enables HCP to better understand the health needs of non-binary people
- Gender identity should be collected separately from assigned sex at birth
Homosexuality
Refers to romantic and sexual attractions towards individuals of the same gender, referred to as gay men and lesbian women in Canada
Pansexuality
The romantic or sexual attraction to all genders
Queer
Label for non-heterosexual, that some prefer - however it did at one time carry a strongly negative connotation and should only be used if someone has self-identified using this term
Heterosexuality
The romantic or sexual attractions to another gender
Bisexuality
The romantic or sexual attractions to more than one gender
Internalized Homophobia can manifest as…
- low self-esteem, reduced self-care, and heath-compromising activities such as substance abuse or high-risk sexual activities to cope with stress.
- This is often due to being surrounding by negative and rejecting messages, hostility, and discrimination and create challenges with coping and someone accepting these negative societal views.
Heterosexism
The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm, and a perspective that other orientations and genders are not “normal”
