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Computing > Software > Flashcards

Software Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Operating system?

A

software that manages a computers hardware and provides a user interface

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2
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM: what is peripheral management?

A

controls the sending/ receiving of data from peripherals

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3
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM: what is storage management?

A

deals with how storage devices are formatted and the way which files are stored/retrieved

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4
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM: what is memory management?

A

manages how memory is allocated to applications so they do not clash

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5
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM: what is process management?

A

allocated processor time to each active process in the memory (multitasking)

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6
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM: what is security?

A

makes sure only the allocated programs are running and that there is no unauthorised access

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7
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM: what is a user interface?

A

provides a way for the user to interact with the computer to perform tasks.

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8
Q

What is hacking?

A

gain unauthorised access to data in a system or computer.

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9
Q

What is Malware?

A

malicious software is a viruses that interfere with the normal operations of your computer. Viruses can be harmful and can result in loss of data or system crashes.

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10
Q

What is off the shelf software?

A

pre-made software you can buy online or in a shop

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11
Q

What are the advantages of off the shelf software?

A
  • you can buy it straightaway
  • cheaper
  • regular updates
  • online support
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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of off the shelf software?

A
  • its made to suit many people so there may be features not included or extra features making it more comlicated
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13
Q

What is custom written software?

A

software written specifically for a customer which is not available to the general public

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14
Q

What are the advantages of custom written software?

A
  • does exactly what you want it too

- no-one else has the software

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of custom written software?

A
  • you may have to wait months or years to get it
  • it is much more expensive due to you having to pay full development costs
  • there are not as many guides
  • no regular updates or fixes
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16
Q

What is freeware?

A

Licensed at no cost or for an optional fee.

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17
Q

What is application software?

A

programs that are needed to perform tasks to the user.

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18
Q

What is proprietary software?

A

software owned by a company/ individual and a licence is sold to the user.

restrictions are always in place for example the user cannot access the source code.

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19
Q

What is open-source software?

A

software with the source code available to the user allowing them to edit the software and improve it.

20
Q

Why might you chose proprietary over open source software?

A
  • there are regular updates

- support and training courses

21
Q

Why might you chose open source over proprietary software?

A
  • cheaper/free

- helps them become better programmers

22
Q

What are system utilities?

A

Provides extra functionality that makes it easier to use.

23
Q

What is formatting?

A

preparing a data storage device for use

usually pre-formatted but the process involves marking the surface of the disk to indicate the start of each recording block.

24
Q

What is file transfer/management?

A

Provides a logical vie of how the files are organised to make it easy for the user.

25
Q

What is disk de-fragmentation?

A

files are stored on the hard disk in blocks wherever there is space. Therefore the file may be split into segments, which is efficient as it takes a longer time to find all the segments. The disk defragmentater moves the separate parts so they can be stored together, also grouping the free disk space.

26
Q

back-up utility is probably one of the most important security method due to…

A

people accidentally deleting files

27
Q

How does antivirus software protect the computer?

A
  • prevents harmful programs from beings installed on the computer
  • Prevents important files, such as the operating system, from being changed or deleted
  • If a virus managed to install, the software will detect it when it performs its regular scans and delete i
28
Q

Why is it important for the user to update antivirus software?

A

because new viruses are regularly created

29
Q

What is spyware?

A

a program that secretly records what you do on your computer.

30
Q

What uses spyware?

A

To find out passwords, bank details.

To track internet activity to display pop-up ads.

parental control also uses spyware-type programs.

31
Q

What is a firewall?

A

prevents unauthorised access to or from a network. Blocks messages which do not meet a certain criteria: e.g. computers address, type of traffic, specific web site address. used in school to block certain web pages.

32
Q

What are system clean-up tools? (maintenance utilities)

A

detects files that are no longer needed. This frees disk space, reduces time time to boot up the system, improves the performance of the computer.

33
Q

What is automatic up-dating? (maintenance utilities)

A

makes sure all the software is automatically up to date. important for firewall and antivirus software.

34
Q

What is system information and diagnosis?

A

Gives information about the hardware, statistics about its use and information that will help diagnose any problems with the computer.

35
Q

What are stand alone utility programs?

A

utility programs which do not come with the operating system: sold separately.

36
Q

What is a GUI interface?

A
  • Graphical user interface
  • uses visuals and pointers to select items.
  • also called WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers)
  • require very powerful computers
37
Q

What is a command line interface?

A

a screen with a prompt where commands are entered. it is what all PCs used to use however now only experts use it.

38
Q

What is a menu driven interface?

A

a more user friendly interface where the keyboard is used to select item or menus and taks are performed

39
Q

What is a peripheral?

A

computer hardware that is not part of the CPU

40
Q

system information utility

A

displays important data about the current state of
the computer
e.g. temperature, free memory, network speed, %
processor used

41
Q

system diagnosis

A

attempts to detect/resolve items that are not
working correctly
e.g. missing drivers, network connection

42
Q

What are firewalls used for?

A

to prevent unauthorised access into a network

43
Q

What are user access levels used for?

A

to prevent any accidental deleting of files

44
Q

What are network policies/ restrictions used for? e.g. students only allowed to log in during school hours, from certain computers

A

ensures that attempts to enter in the system are likely to be genuine.

45
Q

What are Passwords protected user accounts used for?

A

to ensure that only authorised people can access the network.

Computing (7 decks)

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