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Computing > Communications and Networks > Flashcards

Communications and Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a LAN?

A

A local area network is a group of connected computers over a small geographical area located on a single site
using Dedicated wired or WiFi connections

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2
Q

What are the advantages of a LAN?

A
  • Share files
  • Share Peripherals, saves money
  • Software licences are likely to be cheaper than buying several stand-alone licences
  • Data is easy to back-up on a file server
  • Network users can communicate easily by email or instant messaging
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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of a LAN?

A
  • Purchasing the network cabling and file servers can be expensive
  • Managing a large network is complicated
  • Viruses can spread easily
  • Danger of hacking and large security procedures are needed e.g. a firewall
  • If the file server breaks the computers are inaccessible
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4
Q

What is a stand alone computer?

A

A computer that is not connected to a network

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5
Q

What is a WAN?

A

A Wide Area Network is where Computers that are geographically distant are connected to each other, e.g. internet

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6
Q

What is a network?

A

When two or more computers are connected together to allow them to exchange data.

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7
Q

What is a hub?

A

A basic device with no intelligence that connects computers in a network

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8
Q

What is a switch?

A

A device with some intelligence that connects computers in a network

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9
Q

What is a router?

A

An intelligent hardware device that routes from a local area network to another network connection.

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10
Q

What is a modem?

A

A modem is a type of hardware device that converts between analog and digital data in real time for two-way network communication.

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11
Q

What is a client-server network?

A

client computers send network requests to the server. files and software are stored centrally in the server as well as storing user profiles, passwords and access information
e.g.) the world wide web

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12
Q

What is a peer-peer network?

A

All devices are equal and files are stored on individual devices
e.g.) at home

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13
Q

What is an IP address?

A

a unique address that identifies devices on a LAN they are 32 bit numbers

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14
Q

What is a MAC address?

A

a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device and can’t be changed

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15
Q

What is a packet?

A

A small amount of computer data sent over a network. Each packet contains the address of its origin and destination and information that connects it to the related packets being sent.

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16
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A specific set of communication rules that each computer follows. E.g. TCP, HTTP and FTP

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17
Q

What is a bus network?

A

In a bus network all the workstation, server and printers are joined to one cable (the bus). At the end of the cable a terminator is fitted to stop signals reflecting back down the bus.

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18
Q

What are the advantages of a bus network?

A

easy to install, cheap to install

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19
Q

What are the disadvantages of a bus network?

A

if the bus fails the whole network fails, if more workstations are connected the network will be slower because of data collisions

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20
Q

What is a star network?

A

In a star network each device on the network has its own cable that connects to a switch or hub.

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21
Q

What are the advantages of a star network?

A

very reliable, high performance

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of a star network?

A

expensive to install as it uses a lot of cable, extra hardware is needed, if the hub or switch fails the computers which are connected will have no network.

23
Q

What is a ring network?

A

In a ring network each device is connected to two other devices, this forms a ring for the signals to travel around. Each packet of data on the network travels in one direction and each device receives each packet in turn until the destination device receives it.

24
Q

What are the advantages of a ring network?

A

no data collisions because data only flows in one direction meaning data can be transferred quickly

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of a ring network?

A

if the main cable fails or is any device is faulty the whole network fails

26
Q

How do user access levels act as security measures?

A

Different levels of access ensure that the network remains secure because changes can’t be made to the system by most users and also it is less likely for a hacker or a virus to cause damage.

27
Q

How do passwords act as security measures?

A

Having passwords means that only someone with a login and password can access that network.

28
Q

How do Anti-virus software act as security measures?

A

Malware such as viruses, worms, zombies, Trojan horses and Spybot’s can cause damage to computers. Anti-virus software is designed to detect and block attacks from malware.

29
Q

How do Firewalls act as a security measure?

A

A firewall is software that will block unexpected connection coming into the network. Most operating systems included a firewall.

30
Q

How do Encryption act as a security measure?

A

A method of changing the original numbers and characters so that they are hidden or disguised. It protects data you don’t want people to have access to.

31
Q

What is the acceptable use policy

A

This policy states how the network can be used highlighting what is and what is not acceptable.

32
Q

What is the disatster recovery policy

A

A plan that would enable them to keep on doing business even in the event of something catastrophic happening

33
Q

What is the Failover policy

A

the process of swapping to a redundant component it happens automatically and without the user noticing. A redundant part is in case of a hardware failure and is a spare component which isn’t used.

34
Q

What is the Back-up policy

A

A copy of all the users’ files, which can be restored in the event of files getting corrupted or deleted. Backup copies must be made regularly.
Archiving

35
Q

What is the Archiving policy

A

When the data is taken off the main system and stored. It can easily be loaded back into the main system if it is needed again. The point is to free up space on the main system when there is data which isn’t used but is needed for legal reasons etc.

36
Q

What is the DNS?

A

A server that translates domain names into IP addresses by looking them upin servers this then allows you to access an internet location by its domain name.

37
Q

What is a domain name?

A

A memorisable name for websites so you don’t have to remember the excat numbers in the IP address

38
Q

What is HTML?

A

hyper text markup language is the language of the wold wide web
it is made of tags that describe the web browser and how to display it

39
Q

What is CSS?

A

a language used for layout, colours and borders

40
Q

What is TCP/ IP (Transmission Control protocol/ internet protocol?

A

a protocol to allow computer to communicate over long distance networks.

41
Q

What is HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)?

A

defines commands and services used for transmitting webpage data.

42
Q

What is a Web Host?

A

A Web Host is a business that provides technologies and services needed for the website to be viewed on the internet.

43
Q

What is a NIC?

A

A NIC (Network Interface Card) is a card that plugs into a computer to provide a connection to a Local Area Network. It can be wireless or cabled and hold the MAC address.

44
Q

What is JPG?

A

a photo file which uses lossy compression

45
Q

What is GIF?

A

a simple image file which uses lossless compression

46
Q

What is PNG?

A

A photo file which uses lossless compression

47
Q

What is PDF?

A

a file that stores documents but keeps the original layout

48
Q

What is MP3?

A

A sound file which uses lossy compression

49
Q

What is MPEG?

A

A video file which uses lossy compression

50
Q

What are the differences between MAC addresses and IP adresses?

A
  • IP addresses can be changed, MAC addresses can’t be changed
  • IP(v4) addresses are 4 bytes long, MAC addresses are 6 bytes long
  • IP(v4) addresses -denary, MAC addresses- Hex
  • IP addresses are configured by software, MAC addresses are configured in hardware
  • IP addresses are used for routing across a
    WAN/internet, MAC addresses are only used within the LAN
51
Q

How are DNS servers used?

A
  • DNS servers have a database of IP addresses
  • Constantly updated by other DNS servers
  • When you request an address(URL), the DNS server looks up the URL and returns the IP address, or searches for the address from other DNS servers
52
Q

Advantages of DNS servers?

A
  • People do not need to remember IP addresses
  • Easily upgradable
  • As long as you are connected to aDNS server you can have access to all the addresses

Computing (7 decks)

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