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Computing > Representation of data > Flashcards

Representation of data Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of unit?

A

bit -> nibble -> Byte -> Kilobyte -> Megabyte -> Gigabyte -> Terabyte -> Petabyte

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2
Q

What size stores one character for ASCII ?

A

A byte

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3
Q

What size stores most files (e.g. songs, pictures or word docs?)

A

Kilobytes and Megabytes

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4
Q

What size stores HD videos and applications?

A

Gigabyte

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5
Q

What size is secondary storage capacity?

A

Gigabyte and Terabyte

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6
Q

What is A in denary?

A

10

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7
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

when the number of bits is more than 8

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8
Q

Why is Hexadecimal used?

A

it is used to simplify binary and its also harder to make a mistake when writing

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9
Q

What is a character set?

A

a defined list of characters recognised by the computer hardware and software. it includes uppercase, lowercase, digits and symbols

they allow computers to convert the characters into binary code

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10
Q

What is ASCII?

A
  • a commonly used character set for english speakers
  • character=7-bit code
  • total of 128 characters
  • extra 0 to make it fit 1 byte
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11
Q

What is extended ASCII?

A
  • used for european languages
  • character=8-bit code
  • total of 256 characters
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12
Q

What is Unicode?

A
  • covers every posiible character
  • 16-bit or 32-bit codes
  • includes languages that use a different alphabet e.g. russia, japan and greece
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13
Q

What is a pixel?

A

a picture element is a tiny coloured square that represents one colour and is stored as a binary value

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14
Q

What is image resolution?

A

the concentration of pixels within an area measured in dots per inch

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15
Q

If there are 3 bits how many colours are displayed?

A

8 colours

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16
Q

How do you find out the colour depth?

A

xbits = 2 to the power of x colours

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17
Q

What is metadata?

A

it provides additional information for example file format, width and height. it is needed as it makes it easier to locate files and tells the device how to display the data

18
Q

What are the dimensions?

A

the height and width of an image

19
Q

What happens to the file size as you increase the resolution?

A

increases the number of pixels which increases the number of bits which increases the file size

20
Q

What happens to the file size as you increase the colour depth?

A

increases the number of bits and therefore the filesize

21
Q

What are the primary colours?

A

red, blue and green

22
Q

How is each pixel represented?

A

as 3 denary numbers between 0 and 255.

the colour is named in Hex #RRGGBB

23
Q

What is lossy compression?

A
  • removed data to reduce filesize, the file cant be restored to its original size.
  • bands of similar colours are bought together to reduce the number of colours
24
Q

What is lossless compression?

A
  • shrinks the file size but keeps the quality

- collect groups of the same colour instead of storing the individually

25
Q

What is sound sampling?

A

the amplitude of the wave is continuosly measured and stored as a binary value

26
Q

What are some audio file formats?

A

MP3, WAV and Ogg

27
Q

How is sound quality effected?

A
  • sample resolution (number of bits used
  • sample interval (time between each sample)
  • sample frequency (number of samples per second)
  • bit rate (not of bits used per second)
28
Q

What is an instruction?

A

a binary sequence which carries an action that it understands

29
Q

What is assembly code?

A

short text commands instead of binary

30
Q

How are data and instructions distinguished?

A

they are stored in different parts of the memory

31
Q

What are some image file formats?

A
  • BMP
  • JPG
  • GIF
  • PNG
32
Q

What is a bitmap image?

A

a graphic composed of a grid of pixels which are different colours.

large file size

33
Q

How much storage is used to store one unicode digit?

A

16

34
Q

Why is binary used to represent data in a computer?

A

Circuit only needs to check for two states/uses switches electricity flowing or not flowing/on or off/1 and 0 resulting in more reliable circuits.

35
Q

What is PDF

A

file used to store documents

36
Q

What is HTML?

A

used to define content/ layout of a web page

37
Q

What is a ZIP file?

A

compressed data

38
Q

Why are files compressed?

A
  • It reduces the size of the file which needs to be
    transmitted which shortens download time and also reduces Internet traffic
  • allows multimedia files to be streamed
39
Q

When is lossy compression used?

A 
music files(mp3), large resolution images for
displaying on small screens.
40
Q

When is lossless compression used?

A

text files

Computing (7 decks)

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