Soft tissue injuries (week 9)

Question 1

types of soft tissue injuries

Answer 1

bruises
muscle strains/tears
tendonitis/tendinopathy/tendon rupture
ligament rupture/tear
capsulitis
bursitis
sprains
stress fractures

Question 2

tennis elbow - which muscle, which bony feature

Answer 2

extensor carpi radialis brevis, lateral epicondyle

Question 3

examination for tennis elbow

Answer 3

feel for tenderness over lateral epicondyle.
resisted wrist extension, any discomfort
resisted supination
mills test - passive stretch of extensor compartment, any tenderness

Question 4

what is tennis elbow caused by?

Answer 4

overload

Question 5

treatment of tennis elbow

Answer 5

exercise tendon as close to limit as possible
paracetamol/NSAIDs
6-12 months

Question 6

rotator cuff tears presentation

Answer 6

weakness, pain is secondary

Question 7

clinical examination for supraspinatus

Answer 7

push straight arms up and out with thumbs pointing down against resistance

Question 8

clinical examination for infraspinatus and teres minor

Answer 8

elbows by sides, elbows at 90degrees, external rotation against resistance

Question 9

clinical examination for subscapularis

Answer 9

arms behind back, lift off back against resistance
palms on belly, push elbows forward against resistance

Question 10

investigations for rotator cuff muscle injuries

Answer 10

X-ray excludes fracture or dislocation
ultrasound/MRI confirms cuff tear

Question 11

management of rotator cuff tears

Answer 11

surgical repairs for acute tears (<50)
chronic tears - ice, NSAIDs, exercises (same for acute tears in >50)

Question 12

causes of achilles tendon ruptures

Answer 12

high energy explosive movement

Question 13

achilles tendon rupture

Answer 13

middle age male
sports activity
chronic inflammatory disease
chronic renal failure
certain drugs (eg corticosteroids)

Question 14

achilles tendon rupture diagnosis

Answer 14

pain, bruising around heel
tompson test - squeeze bulk of calf, foot should plantar flex
ultrasound to confirm

Question 15

achilles tendon rupture management

Answer 15

rest - crutches/moonboot
ice
analgesia
surgery?

Question 16

ankle sprains - which ligaments

Answer 16

lateral ligaments: deltoid and syndesmosis

Question 17

what are ankle strains

Answer 17

either stretch or tear of ligament

Question 18

what are the three ligaments in the lateral ligament complex (ankle)

Answer 18

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

Question 19

criteria to get ankle x-ray

Answer 19

pain in malleolar area and any of following:
-unable to weight bear
-bony tenderness at edge of medial/lateral malleolus

Question 20

management of ankle sprain

Answer 20

analgesia
rest in controlled ankle motion walking boot
ice, compression, elevation
early ankle motion for strengthening asap

Question 21

what is proprioception

Answer 21

the sense through which we perceive the position and movement of our body