fractures and osteoporosis (week 7)

Question 1

fracture definition

Answer 1

discontinuity of bone resulting from a mechanical force which exceeds the bone’s ability to withstand them

Question 2

what does FOOSH stand for

Answer 2

fall onto onstretched hand

Question 3

why are women more prone to fractures in later life

Answer 3

menopause - less oestrogen

Question 4

fracture causes in older adult

Answer 4

poorer bone quality - osteoporosis, medications
increased risk of falls - loss of muscle mass, neurological impairment (eg stroke), arthritis, environment, medications

Question 5

what is osteoporosis

Answer 5

excessive bone resorption without compensatory bone formation

Question 6

osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 6

smoking, alcohol, genetics, ethnicity(greatest in caucasians), exercise, menopause, chronic inflammatory diseases, medications (eg corticosteroids)

Question 7

what test is used to diagnose osteoporosis

Answer 7

DEXA - value given, bone density compared to 30-year old of same sex. osteoporosis is deviation of at least -2.5 (T-score)

Question 8

prevention of osteoporotic fractures

Answer 8

lifestyle - diet exercise smoking alcohol
muscle strengthening
balance exercises
avoid bone thinning drugs (steroids)

Question 9

osteoporosis treatment

Answer 9

calcium and vitamin D suppliments
regular exercise
biphosphonates

Question 10

what are biphosponates

Answer 10

target bone surface and kills osteoclasts, preventing resorption of bone. increase mineralisation and bone density

Question 11

osteoporosis treatment

Answer 11

calcium and vitamin D supplements
regular exercise
bisphosphonates