Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards
_________ is the largest organ in the body
Skin
Skin regulates the body’s _____________
Tempature
Three layers of the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer
Adipose tissue is in the ______________
Subcutaneous layer
Connective tissue is in the __________________
Dermis
Horny layer is in the _________________
Epidermis
Granular layer is in the ___________________
Epidermis
Blood vessels are in the ____________________
Dermis
Lymph vessels are in the ______________
Dermis
Hair Follicles are in the __________________
Dermis
Sweat glands are in the __________________
Dermis
Dermis is held together by a protein called _______________
Collagen
Pain and touch receptors are in the __________
Dermis
Collagen and fat cells make up the __________
Subcutaneous layer
Edema is more likely to occur where and why?
Lower legs because there is less room for muscles to swell.
Causes of burns
Thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation
CMS
Circulation, motor function, sensation
In a burn patient check the airway for:
Singed nose hairs, facial burns and soot in mouth
Onset of shock caused by burns usually occurs ___________
Hours later
Do not ____ or ______ an open wound to remove foreign objects. However you can do what?
Do not rub or wash. You may remove loose material.
Bandages vs dressings
Dress a wound, Bandage a dressing
Wrap dressings from ___ to _____ to help reduce swelling
distal to proximal
Dress an abdominal evisceration using _________
Occlusive dressing
Why is early shock difficult to identify in pediatrics
increased ability to vasoconstrict their peripheral vasculature and increase heart rate after blood loss
Pediatrics are more prone to injury from blunt trauma because _________
Proportionately larger livers and organ size.
Why are children more prone to heat loss?
Larger surface area compared to body volume.
relieve pressure on abdominal evisceration by _____________
Positioning patient with knees flexed
Care for amputated parts and large pieces of avullsed skin
Wrap in dry sterile dressing, Place in water tight container, Place that container into a second container. Then place on ice.
Burns are classified by 3 things:
Type, Degree of damage and Extent (Rule of Nines)
Burns involving the top layer of skin (Name and Presentation)
Superficial [1st Degree]
Redness on skin i.e. sunburn
Burns involving both epidermis and dermis (Name and Presentation)
Partial Thickness [2nd Degree]
Mottled moist skin with blisters. Extremely painful
Burns involving all layers of skin, possibly into organs and bone (Name and Presentation)
Full Thickness [3rd Degree]
Dry, hard and dusky. White or charred in color. Painless
Remove wet chemicals such as acid by _________
Flushing with water
Remove dry chemicals by _____________
Brushing chemical off, then flushing with water
Two major exceptions to not removing impaled objects
- An impaled object in the chest that interferes with CPR
2. An impaled object in the cheek. Bleeding could interfere with airway and is easier to control once object is removed.
Why do injuries that breech the pleural membrane disrupt the breathing process.
The lungs rely on negative pressure inside the chest to draw in air,
When air is able to enter the pleural cavity but not escape it causes a;
Tension pnuemothorax.
Unique threat from injuries to the veins of the neck:
Air being sucked into the hear resulting in a PE
Extreme Respiratory distress, Distention of jugular veins and tracheal deviation would be a sign of:
Severe tension pnuemotharax
Before you apply an occlusive dressing you should immediately ___________________
Cover wound with a gloved hand
with open neck injuries apply pressure to________________
one side of neck, as not to cut off blood flow to brain
Complications of a crush injury
Lack of blood flow
Breakdown of muscle leading to Acidosis
Build up of toxins
Renal failure
Newtons 1st Law
Law of inertia. An object will remain at rest or move at a constant speed in a straight line unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force.
Newtons 2nd Law
Force = Mass x Acceleration [deceleration]
Newtons 3rd Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Law of Kinectic Energy
K.E. = .5 x ( Mass x [Velocity Squared] )
HPTM
High Performance Trauma Management
Four components of HPTM
Recognition, Treatment, Packaging, Transport
Goal On Scene time for HPTM
<15 minutes
Blood Pressure
<60 Systolic
Single entrance wound to the chest gets a __________ dressing
3 sided (occlusive) dressing
Multiple wounds to the chest receive a ____________dressing
4 sided dressing
Make a note of _______ when you apply a tourniquet
The time
Rule of Nines - Adult Leg
9% Front, 9% Back
Rule of Nines - Adult Arm
4.5% Front, 4.5% Back
Rule of Nines - Adult Chest
9%
Rule of Nines - Adult Back
9% Upper, 9% Lower
Rule of Nines - Adult Abdomen
9%
Rule of Nines - Adult Head
4.5% Front, 4.5% Back
Rule of Nines - Adult Frank and Beans
1%
Rule of Nines - Child Leg
8% Front, 8% Back
Rule of Nines - Child Arm
4.5% Front, 4.5% Back
Rule of Nines - Child Head
7% Front, 7% Back
Rule of Nines - Child Torso
18% Front, 18% Back
Rule of Nines - Infant Head
9% Front, 9% Back
Rule of Nines - Infant Torso
18% Front, 13% Back
Rule of Nines - Infant Buttocks
2.5% Per Side
