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OBGYN Flashcards

1
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Fertilized egg implants outside the uterus

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2
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy Risk Factors

A 
Previous Ectopic 
Abdominal Scarring 
PID
Endometriosis 
Tubal ligation
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3
Q

Miscarriage

A

Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks

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4
Q

Still born

A

Loss of pregnancy after 20 weeks

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5
Q

Miscarriages increase after age ____

A

35

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6
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Placenta sits low in the uterus blocking the cervix

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7
Q

Placenta Previa symptoms

A

Painless vaginal bleeding from 2nd trimester on

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8
Q

Placenta Previa risk factors

A 
>35 y/o
Smoking
Cocaine
Previous uterine surgeries
Multiple fetus'
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9
Q

Abruptio Placenta

A

Premature separation of the Placenta from the uterine wall

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10
Q

Abruptio Placenta symptoms

A

Sudden onset of severe pain described as a “contraction that doesn’t end”
Little to no vaginal bleeding

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11
Q

Abruptio Placenta risk factors

A

Trauma
Multiparity
Preeclampsia
Maternal Hypertension

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12
Q

Preeclampsia/Eclampsia symptoms

A 
Ussually diagnosed after week 20:
Hypertension
Abnormal weight gain
Edema
Headache
Protein in urine
Epigastric Pain
Visual disturbances

*Life threatening seizures in full Eclampsia (Toxemia). Usually in the third trimester

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13
Q

Pre-existing vs Maternal hypertension

A

> 140 systolic (or 20 systolic higher than normal)
before 20 weeks = preexisting
after 20 weeks = Maternal HTN

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14
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

High blood sugar usually in the third trimester, caused by inappropriate insulin response due to pregnancy hormones.

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15
Q

Gestational Diabetes risk factors

A

Obesity
Family history of diabetes
Polycystic kidney disease
Increased maternal age

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16
Q

Nuchal Cord

A

Umbilical cord wrapped around babies neck during child birth,

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17
Q

Prolapsed Cord

A

Umbilical cord is pinched between the baby and pelvis

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18
Q

Prolapsed Cord risk factors

A 
High level of amniotic fluid
premature birth
low birth weight
multiple gestation
fetal presentation that is not typical
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19
Q

Footling presentation

A

One or both feet emerge from the vaginal opening

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20
Q

Single foot or arm presentations require ___________

A

Cesarean Section

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21
Q

Greatest risk of stillbirth

A

Preterm delivery

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22
Q

Uterine Atony

A

Failure of the uterine fibers to contract

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23
Q

Postpartum hemorrhage

A

Blood loss > 500cc

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24
Q

A fetus is viable after aprox _____________

A

24 weeks

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25
Q

Gravidity

A

Number of times a woman has been pregnant

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26
Q

Parity

A

Number of times she has carried pregnancy to term

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27
Q

Anterior Cephalic

A

Ideal presentation, head down facing mothers spine

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28
Q

Posterior Cephalic

A

Presentation of head down facing away from mother’s spine.

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29
Q

Back Labor

A

Back pain during delivery as result of Posterior Cephalic

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30
Q

Breech

A

Presentation of buttocks or two feet. (Deliverable in the field)

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31
Q

Major concern wit double footling presentation

A

Cervix is not dilated enough for the head to deliver

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32
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

infants shoulder becomes trapped between symphasis pubis and the sacrum

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33
Q

Use _____ to release shoulder dystocia

A

McRoberts Maneuver

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34
Q

Inner wall of the uterus

A

Endometrium

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35
Q

Fertilization from a sperm usually occurs within the ________

A

Fallopian Tubes

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36
Q

Ovaries are a _______________ gland that produces hormones such as_______________.

A

Endocrine, Estrogen

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37
Q

The placenta begins to develop in the _________ week.

A

Third

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38
Q

The menstrual cycle repeats an average of every of___days

39
Q

Egg is unfertilized, Hormone levels lower causing lining of the uterus to shed.

A

Days 1 - 5

40
Q

Pituitary gland produces a hormone that stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles, each containing one egg. Lining of the uterus thickens.

A

Day 6 - 14

41
Q

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland release a hormone causing the follicle to burst and release the egg.

A

Day 10 - 18 (Ovulation)

42
Q

Ruptured follicle secrets progesterone continuing to thicken the lining of the uterus.

A

Day 16 - 28

43
Q

Pregnancy changes in vitals.

A

Increased Resp
Decreased BP
Increased stroke volume and HR

44
Q

Over the course of 9 months the maternal blood volume increases ___________

45
Q

A blood pressure of 140/90 in the third trimester is considered __________

A

Pre-eclamptic

46
Q

Pregnant woman are hypercoagulable , which puts them at a higher risk for____________

A

Pulmonary Embolism

47
Q

The body’s increased sensitivities to toxins is responsible for_________________

A

Morning sickness

48
Q

Hormones help soften __________________ to ease delivery.

A

Soft tissue and cartilage around certain joints like the pelvis.

49
Q

Braxton-Hicks

A

Pre-labor contractions that begin in the second trimester

50
Q

Cervix

A

Opening to the uterus

51
Q

Crowning

A

Bulging of the vaginal opening caused by the baby’s head

52
Q

Effacement

A

Thinning of the cervix

53
Q

Weight of the fetus puts pressure on the inferior vena cava causing ____________________________

A

Supine hypotensive syndrome

54
Q

Period shortly after child birth

A

Postpartum

55
Q

Starting in week 8, prenatal visits are every ___ weeks through week 28.

A

Every 4 weeks

56
Q

Starting week 28 prenatal visits are every ___ weeks through week 36

A

Every 2 weeks

57
Q

After week ____ prenatal visits become weekly.

58
Q

Screening for genetic abnormalities happens in the ___________ trimester

A

2nd trimester

59
Q

In the third trimester they will screen for ______________

A

Group B strep (Can cause sepsis in babies)

60
Q

1st stage of labor

A

Starts as cervix begins to dilate, ending at full dilation.

61
Q

2nd stage of labor

A

Starts as baby enters the birth canal ending with baby being born

62
Q

3rd stage of labor

A

Begins after baby is born and ending with the delivery of the placenta.

63
Q

1st stage of labor can last up to__________

64
Q

2nd stage of labor can last up to __________

65
Q

3rd stage of labor usually lasts ____ to _____

A

15 - 20 mins

66
Q

Signs of imminent delivery

A

Crowning
Contractions <2mins
Rectal fullness
Feeling of imminent delivery

67
Q

Labor pains from contractions last between ______

A

30 secs to 1 minute

68
Q

If the amniotic sac is intact as the baby crowns, you should ___________________

A

use a finger to pierce the sac

69
Q

“pea soup-like” amniotic fluid indicates

A

Meconium staining and a stressed baby

70
Q

Once the baby’s face appears, the next step is to __________

A

Suction the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe.

71
Q

When do you clamp the umbilical cord?

A

Once pulsations have stopped

72
Q

Clamp cord _____inches from the body and ___inches between clamps.

A

Six inches, Two inches

73
Q

Stimulate newborns by __________________

A

Rubbing vigorously or Tapping feet

74
Q

Re-suction nose and mouth only if:

A

Baby is not breathing or in respiratory distress.

75
Q

Perform APGR when?

A

One minute and five minutes after birth

76
Q

Massage to slow vaginal bleeding

A

Fundal Massage

77
Q

It is normal for the mother to bleed ____cc or ___ sanitary napkins after delivery.

A

250cc, 5 Sanitary napkins

78
Q

Record the number of _____ used after delivery.

79
Q

____ will stimulate the release of hormones causing the uterus to contract.

A

Nursing the infant

80
Q

[A]PGAR

A

Appearance
Blue, pale = 0
Body pink, limbs blue = 1
Completely pink = 2

81
Q

A[P]GAR

A

Pulse
Absent = 0
<100 = 1
>100 = 2

82
Q

AP[G]AR

A

Grimace
No response = 0
Grimaces = 1
Cries = 2

83
Q

APG[A]R

A

Activity
Limp = 0
Some flexion = 1
Active motion = 2

84
Q

APGA[R]

A

Resperations
Absent = 0
Slow irregular crying = 1
Strong Crying = 2

85
Q

APGAR of _____ = Adequate function

86
Q

APGAR of _____ = Moderate depression

87
Q

APGAR of ______ = Begin resuscitation

88
Q

PSS (Neonatal Resuscitation)

A

Position (head down), Suction,Stimulate

89
Q

Assist with respirations if newborn is not breathing effectively for __ to ___

A

10-15 secs

90
Q

Use infant BVM with highflow O2 at a rate of __ - ___ breaths/min

A

40 to 60 breaths/min

91
Q

If newborn pulse rate drops below ___ start compressions

A

60 Beats/min

92
Q

Infant compression depth

A

1/2” to 3/4”

93
Q

Epistomies (perineotomy)

A

Incision of the perineum to prevent ripping of the cervix

Medic Test Prep (4 decks)

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