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MSK > Soft tissue conditions > Flashcards

Soft tissue conditions Flashcards

1
Q

ERON stage 1 + 2 presentation

A 
1 = no signs of systemic toxicity, no uncontrolled comorbidities
2 = systemically unwell or has comorbidity
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2
Q

ERON stage 3 + 4 presentation

A 
3 = significant systemic upset
4 = sepsis/ life threatening infection
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3
Q

Investigations for ?cellulitis

A

Examine

ERON classification

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4
Q

ERON 1 + 2 management for cellulitis

A 
1 = phenoxymethylpenicillin or flucloxacillin oral
2 = flucloxacillin IV but can be in community
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5
Q

ERON 3 + 4 management for ?cellulitis

A

Admit for IV abx

Flucloxacillin +- benzylpenicillin, cipro + clindamycin if severe

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6
Q

Tendons in rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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7
Q

S+S of rotator cuff injury

A

Arc of pain (pain while lowering arm)
Night pain
Weakness, instability, restricted ROM
Numbness

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8
Q

Diagnosis of rotator cuff tear

A 
X ray:
AP view: sclerosis, cyst formation, smaller gap between acromion + humerus 
Lat view:  state of acromion 
Axillary view: humeral head position 
MRI / US
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9
Q

Management of rotator cuff tear

A

NSAIDs
Surgery
Physio

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10
Q

Which tests show impaired movement in subscapularis tear?

A

Gerber’s lift off
Supine napoleon

Impaired internal rotation

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11
Q

Which tests show impaired movement in supraspinatus tear?

A

Active painful arc test
Drop arm test
Jobe’s test

Impaired abduction

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12
Q

Which test show impaired movement in infraspinatus + teres minor tears?

A

External rotation test

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13
Q

What is a nursemaids elbow?

A

Dislocation of radial head in elbow joint

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14
Q

Causes of nursemaids elbow?

A

Pulling extended arm males annular ligament slip above radial head
Due to lifting/ swinging child

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15
Q

S+S of nursemaids elbow

A

Child can’t bend/ use affected arm

Inability to supinate

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16
Q

RF for achilles tendon rupture

A

30-40
Males
Obesity
Systemic corticosteroid use

17
Q

S+S of achilles tendon rupture

A

Sudden, painful pop

Inability to walk

18
Q

What tests elicit signs in achilles tendon rupture?

A

Calf squeeze (Simmonds/ Thompson)
Palpable gap test
Knee flexion test (Matles test)

19
Q

What is the typical mechanism of injury for an ACL tear?

A

Twisting knee after planting foot

20
Q

RF for ACL tear

A

Females

Valgus knees

21
Q

What is the main complication of an ACL tear?

A

Segond fracture = avulsion fracture of lateral aspect of tibial plateau

22
Q

S+S of ACL tear

A

Immediate pain + knee swelling

Knee may ‘give out’ when standing

23
Q

Investigations for ?ACL tear

A

MRI

24
Q

What tests elicit signs in an ACL tear?

A

Pivot sign, seen at heel strike phase of walking
Anterior drawer test
Lachman test

25
Q

Describe the surgery for an ACL tear

A

Reconstruction with neighbouring patellar ligament/ semitendinosus tendon

26
Q

What is the pathology + cause of iliotibial band syndrome?

A

Overuse injury - common in runners

ITB used in knee flexion + extension

27
Q

RF for iliotibial band syndrome

A 
Weak hip abductors/ flexors 
Leg length discrepance 
Sudden distance/ intensity increase 
Foot eversion when running
Running in cold weather
28
Q

S+S of iliotibial band syndrome

A

Knee pain worse at 30 flexion

Pain along lateral femoral epicondyle

29
Q

What tests elicit signs in iliotibial band syndrome?

A

Noble compression test

Ober test

30
Q

Pathology of meniscal tears

A

Injury to fibrocartilage knee pads

Medial > lateral

31
Q

What is the typical mechanism of injury of meniscal tears?

A

Forceful, sudden decelerating movement while changing direction

32
Q

Complications of meniscal tears

A

Osteoarthritis

33
Q

S+S of meniscal tears

A

Pain + swelling
Clicking/ crepitus
Inability to full extend knee (posterior tear)

34
Q

What diagnostic imaging is used for knee injuries?

A

MRI

35
Q

What tests elicit signs in meniscal tears?

A

McMurray test
Apley grinding test
Thessaly test
Childress duck-waddle test

36
Q

Typical mechanism of injury for patellar tendon rupture

A

Landing from high jump
Making sudden changes in direction at high speed
Foot/leg stuck as person falls backwards

37
Q

Complications of patellar tendon rupture

A

Tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture

Patellar fracture/ avulsion

38
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL, MCL + lateral meniscus tears

39
Q

Mechanism of injury for unhappy triad

A

Forecful blow to posterolateral aspect of knee with planted foot

MSK (10 decks)

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