Bone tumours + SCC Flashcards
Pathology of osteosclerosis
Abnormal diffuse/ patchy hardening of bone
Increased bone density due to impaired bone resorption
Types of acquired osteosclerosis
Pagets Osteogenic bone mets Myelofibrosis Chronic osteomyelitis High vit D Hypoparathyroidism Schnitzler syndrome
Types of inherited osteosclerosis
Osteopetrosis
Osteopoikilosis
S+S of osteosclerosis
Asymptomatic
Generalised bone pain
Pathological fractures
Investigations for ?bone pathology
X ray
Management of osteosclerosis
Calcium
Phosphate
Vit D
Pathology of Ewings sarcoma
Malignant bone tumour
Small, round blue-stained cells
S+S of Ewings sarcoma
Pelvis, femur, clavicle, humerus, ribs, spine affected
Intense pain, worse at night, worse with exercise
Soft mass attached to bone
Systemic symptoms
Lung mets
Investigations + results for ?Ewings Sarcoma
X ray = permeative process, bone looks moth eaten. Periosteal reaction giving onion skin appearance
MRI for precise tumor size + location
PET for mets
Management of Ewings sarcoma
Chemo
Surgery
Pathology of giant cell tumor of bone
Benign, express RANKL
Increased osteoclast number
Causes bone destruction
S+S of giant cell tumor of bone
Commonly around knee
Pain + swelling
Restricted ROM
Pathological fractures
Investigations + results for giant cell tumor of bone
X ray = lucent mass, cortical thinning/ destruction, pathological fractures
Nucelar medicine = donut sign
Pathology of osteoblastoma
Benign bone tissue forming tumor
Lots of osteoids + osteoblasts
S+S of osteoblastoma
Commonly affects posterior spine + long bones Dull pain Not responsive to salicylates SCC Swelling, tenderness + reduced ROM
Investigations + results for osteoblastoma
X ray = well defined lucent mass, adjacent sclerosis, inner calcification
Biopsy
What is the difference between histology for osteoblastoma + sarcoma?
Osteoblastoma: Reduced mitotic activity Reduced cell atypia No cartilagenous matrix Does not imbue surrounding bone
Pathology of osteosarcoma
Malignant bone tissue forming tumour
Growth plates with mutation prone cells
Complications of osteosarcoma
Bone marrow represssion
Cortical bone breakage
S+S of osteosarcoma
Appears in long bones, usually around knee
Pain worse on movement
Growing palpable mass
X ray findings for osteosarcoma
Soft tissue mass with different calcification range
Bone destruction
Codman triangle
