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MSK > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Most common shoulder dislocation

A

AnteriorInferiorPosterior

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2
Q

Management of shoulder dislocation

A

Reduction (with Hippocratic method)ImmobilisationRehab

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3
Q

What is a Colle’s fracture?

A

Caused by FOOSHDinner fork type deformityTypically: transverse fracture of radius 1-2 inch proximal to radio-carpal jointDorsal displacement + angulation

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4
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture?

A

Ventral angulation of distal radius fragment (garden spade deformity)Caused by falling backwards onto an outstretched palm with wrist flexed

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5
Q

What is a Barton’s fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture + associated radiocarpal dislocationResultant fragment tends to slip so fracture is unstable

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6
Q

What is an isolated radial styloid fracture?

A

Caused by falls onto outstretched hand or kickback injuriesSometimes called Hutchinson fracture

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7
Q

Grading of ankle sprains

A

1 = mild stretch of ligament without instability2 = partial rupture without instability3 = complete rupture with instability of joint

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8
Q

S+S of sprain vs strain

A

Sprain: pain, tenderness, swelling, bruising, functional lossStrain: pain, spasm, weakness, cramping, haematomas

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9
Q

What are the ottowa rules?

A

When to give ankle X rayPain in malleolar zone + 1 of the following:Inability to weight bearBone tenderness along distal portion of fibula or tip of lateral malleolusBone tenderness along distal edge of tibia or tip of medial malleolus

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10
Q

Management of ankle strain

A

ProtectionRest Ice Compression ElevationAvoid HARMHeat Alcohol Running Massage

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11
Q

Features of hip fracture

A

Common in elderly osteoporotic femalesPainShortened + internally rotated leg

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12
Q

Location of hip fractures

A

Intracapsular: edge of femoral head to insertion of capsule into jointExtracapsular: trochanteric or sub trochanteric

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13
Q

What is the Garden system?

A

Type 1: incomplete fracture - stable2: complete fracture but undisplaced3: complete + partially displaced4: complete + totally displaced

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14
Q

Management of intracapsular fracture

A

Undisplaced: internal fixation/ hemiarthroplastyDisplaced: reduced + internal fixationIf older: hemiarthroplasty or hip replacement

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15
Q

Management of extracapsular hip fracture

A

Dynamic hip screwIf reversible oblique, transverse or sub trochanteric: intramedullary device

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16
Q

What to assess for in ?wrist fracture

A

Neurovascular compromiseExamine joints above + below

17
Q

Management of wrist fracture

A

Closed reductionTraction + manipulation under anaestheticRepeat Xray after 1 week to check for displacement - if displaced, surgical open reduction + internal fixation

18
Q

Complications of wrist fracture

A

MalunionMedian nerve compressionOsteoarthritis

19
Q

What are bony bankart lesions + Hill sachs defects?

A

Bankart = fractures of anterior inferior glenoid bone, seen with recurrent shoulder dislocationsHill-Sachs = impaction injuries to chondral surface of humeral head

20
Q

X rays for shoulder dislocation

A

Should get ‘trauma series’ = AP, Y scapular + axial viewsLightbulb signs = posterior dislocation

21
Q

What doesa Colles’ fracture indicate is underlying?

A

Osteoporosis

22
Q

Describe the features of a scaphoid fracture

A

Tenderness in anatomical snuff box
Pain on scaphoid tubercle
Pain on axial loading

23
Q

Management of scaphoid fracture

A

Postive x ray - thumb spica splint for 6-8 weeks, repeat x ray in 2 weeks
Negative x ray - thumb spica splint, repeat x ray in 1 week + CT scan

24
Q

What is a calcneal fracture associated with?

A

Fall from height

Axial loading

25
Q

When is a knee x ray required?

A 
>55 y/o
Tenderness at head of fibula 
Isolated tenderness of patella 
Inability to flex to 90 
Inability to weight bear for 4 steps
26
Q

What are high risk factors for infection of a wound?

A 
Puncture wounds 
Crush injuries 
Wounds >12 hrs old 
Hand or foot wounds 
Age >50 
Prosthetic joints/ valves 
Immunocompromised
27
Q

What are bruises, abrasions + lacerations?

A

Non palpable bruise = ecchymosis
Palpable bruise = haematoma
Abrasion = partial to full thickness break in skin
Lacerations = wound produced from tearing of skin

28
Q

Management of wounds

A 
Disinfect skin 
Irrigate with saline 
Analgesia + anesthesia (7mg lidocaine w/ epinephrine or 5mg without) 
Evacuate hematomas 
Debride tissue
Consider prophylactic abx 
Suture

MSK (10 decks)

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