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Endocrine > Sodium and Water Balance > Flashcards

Sodium and Water Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of organs are the key organs that control sodium and water?

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

What does ADH control?

A

Water balance = makes you pee less by causing water to be reabsorbed from the renal tubules

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3
Q

What does having less ADH cause?

A

A large volume of dilute urine

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4
Q

How is urine concentration/dilution measured?

A

By urine osmolarity

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5
Q

What is the link between urine and osmolarity l?

A

Concentrated urine = high osmolarity

Dilute urine = low osmolarity

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6
Q

How does ADH cause water reabsorption?

A

By concurrent multiplication

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7
Q

What controls sodium balance?

A

Steroids from the adrenal gland = mainly aldosterone (sometimes cortisol)

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8
Q

What is the effect of steroids on sodium balance called?

A

Mineralocorticoid activity = refers to Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules in exchange for K+/H+

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9
Q

What does too much mineralocorticoid activity cause?

A

Sodium gain

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10
Q

How is sodium concentration measured?

A

mmolNa+/1L H2O

Reference interval = 135-145mmol/L

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11
Q

What can cause hyponatraemia?

A

Too much after or too little sodium

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12
Q

What can cause hypernatraemia?

A

Too little water or too much sodium

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13
Q

Why is water gain/loss from the whole body?

A

Water can move between all body compartments

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14
Q

Where is sodium confined to?

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF) = kept there by pump in the plasma membrane (Na+ loss/gain solely to ECF)

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15
Q

What does water movement follow?

A

Solute movement (ie sodium)

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16
Q

How is having too little water treated?

A

By giving dextrose = goes through all layers to the intracellular fluid compartment

17
Q

What can occur if sodium concentration is too high/low?

A

Patient may have symptoms = altered consciousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, fitting

18
Q

Is symptomatic hypo/hypernatraemia a problem?

A

Yes = is life threatening

19
Q

When is sodium concentration within the normal reference serious?

A

If the concentration has fallen or risen rapidly

20
Q

What are the two kinds of stimuli for ADH release?

A

Osmotic (in health) or non-osmotic (in disease)

21
Q

What are some examples on non-osmotic stimuli for ADH release?

A

Hypovolaemia, hypotension, pain, nausea, vomiting

22
Q

What does oedema signify?

A

Effective circulating (vascular) volume depletion = due to altered balance of Starling forces at capillary level

23
Q

What is the body’s response to oedema?

A

ADH and aldosterone secretion to try and restore volume

24
Q

What is the issue in a patient that causes oedema?

A

They have too much water and sodium

Endocrine (42 decks)

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