Sodium

Question 1

Na normal range

Answer 1

Question 2

Where is sodium found?

Answer 2

extracellular fluid

Question 3

Mild hyponatraemia level

Answer 3

130-135

Question 4

Hyponatraemia Mx

Answer 4

Treat underlying cause

Question 5

Hyponatraemia symptom thresholds

Answer 5

Question 6

Causes of hyponatraemia by osmolality

Answer 6

Question 7

What is TURP syndrome?

Answer 7

Question 8

Compare true and pseudo hyponatraemia

Answer 8

Question 9

Hyponatraemia Mx

Answer 9

Question 10

How to distinguish causes of true hyponatraemia

Answer 10

Hydration status and urinary Na+

Question 11

What needs to be checked and sorted before measuring the urine sodium?

Answer 11

Stop diuretics

Question 12

Why is there hyponatraemia in cirrhosis?

Answer 12

Cirrhosis → poor breakdown of vasodilators e.g. nitric oxide → low blood pressure → baroreceptors stimulate ADH release → fluid retention and dilutional hyponatraemia

Question 13

Management of hyponatraemia

Answer 13

Question 14

Why is rapid correction of sodium dangerous?

Answer 14

Question 15

What electrolyte abnormality can occur post-surgery and why?

Answer 15

Question 16

SIADH Dx

Answer 16

Question 17

SIADH causes

Answer 17

Question 18

SIADH Mx

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the key features of Hypernatraemia

Answer 19

Question 20

Why is rapid correction of hypernatraemia dangerous?

Answer 20

Cerebral oedema

Question 21

Hypernatraemia causes

Answer 21

Question 22

Hypernatraemia management

Answer 22

Question 23

Clinical features of ADH resistance/deficiency

Answer 23

Question 24

Summarise ADH deficiency

Answer 24

Question 25

Summarise ADH resistance

Answer 25

Question 26

ADH deficiency/resistance Dx

Answer 26