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Kidney > Sodium > Flashcards

Sodium Flashcards

1
Q

hyperosmolar hyponatremia

A

hyperglycemia or mannitol

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2
Q

isoosmolar hyponatremia

A

hyperproteinemia, hyperlipidemia

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3
Q

SIADH urine studies?

A

Una-increased, Uosm- inc

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4
Q

Dehydration urine studies?

A

Una- decreased, Uosm- increased

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5
Q

Hypoosmolar hyponatremia Euvolemia with urine osm <100?

A

psychogenic polydypsia, beer potomania, tea and toast

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6
Q

Hyponatremia hypervolemia urine Na <20

A

heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis

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7
Q

Hyponatremia urine osm >100, serum osm <275, urine Na >40

A

SIADH, CSW, AI, hypothyroidism, HCTZ

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8
Q

treatment for CSW?

A

fluids

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9
Q

Free water defecit calculation?

A

Kg x .6 x (serum Na/goal Na-1)

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10
Q

Hypervolemic hypernatremia?

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

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11
Q

Euvolemic Hypernatremia?

A

DI

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12
Q

testing to distinguish CDI and NDI?

A

first water restriction which both will fail to concentrate urine, second is exogenous ADH in which CDI will be able to concentrate urine

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13
Q

Central DI treatment?

A

vasopressin or desmopressin

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14
Q

Nephrogenic DI treatment?

A

diuretics, amiloride, indomethacin

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15
Q

pseudohyponatremia causes?

A

hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia

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16
Q

SIADH uric acid?

A

decreased

17
Q

HCTZ hyponatremia, uric acid level?

A

increased

18
Q

rate of correction for acute (<48h) hypernatremia?

A

1 meq/hr, 24 meq in 24 hours

19
Q

rate of correction for chronic hypernatremia?

A

<10 meq/24 hr

20
Q

what surgical procedure can lead to severe acute hyponatremia?

A

TURBT

21
Q

why does TURBT cause hyponatremia?

A

small bladder perforations leading to absorption of irrigation fluids

22
Q

TURBT syndrome hallmarks?

A

hyponatremia, hemolysis, metabolic acidosis

23
Q

how to trat severe acute hyponatremia?

A

rapid correct of 4-6 meq in first 6 hours. using hypertonic saline

24
Q

CSW clinical stutus?

A

polyuria, high urine sodium, hypovolemia

25
Q

treatment for SIADH

A

fluid restriction to < 800 cc a day, then salt tabs and IV saline if no improvement

26
Q

central DI sx?

A

thirst wanting to drink cold water, and nocturia

27
Q

correction rate for acute hypernatremia?

A

1meq/hr, 24 in a day

28
Q

chronic hypernatremia correction?

A

10 meq/day

29
Q

fluid choice in nephrogenic DI?

A

D5W

30
Q

patient being infused with D5 1/2 NS can develop what?

A

euvolemic hyponatremia

31
Q

pathophys of DI?

A

central- decreased release of AVP

nephrogenic- decreased renal sensitivity

32
Q

threshold for urine osm post DDAVP challenge in DI?

A

increase in >50% of Uosm indicates complete DI

33
Q

Hypervolemic hypernatremia?

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration

Kidney (7 decks)

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