Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kidney > Acid Base > Flashcards

Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

Winters Formula for what? formula?

A

expected PCO2 in metabolic acidosis/1.5(Hco3) + 8+/-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

correct of AGAP for albumin?

A

every decrease in 1 of albumin (normal being 4), AGAP increases by 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Delta GAP=

A

AG-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Delta GAP + Serum hco3=

A

starting bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

starting bicarb range?

A

<22- >26, either additional non gap acidosis or additional metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AGAP causes?

A

methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, Pyroglutamic acid(tylenol), isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type B lactic acidosis causes?

A

Linezolid, Propofol, Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

toxic alcohol that does not cause AGAP?

A

isopropyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fomepizole MOA?

A

inhibits lactate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 causes of normal anion gap acidosis?

A

RTA, GI loss, ileal conduit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Urine anion GAP=

A

(Na+K)-Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

negative Ugap, high Ucl=

A

GI tract loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

positive Ugap, low Ucl=

A

renal dysfunction(RTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type 1 RTA location? normal mechanism distal tubule?

A

distal/normally excretes H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type 1 RTA urine pH?

A

> 5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type 1 RTA potassium?

A

hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

other signs of RTA type 1?

A

stones, high urine pH, hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type 1 RTA treatment?

A

bicarbonate

19
Q

Type II RTA location? mechanism?

A

PCT/cannot reabsorb Hco3

20
Q

Type II RTA potassium?

A

hypokalemia like Type 1(secondary hyperaldosteronism)

21
Q

Type II urine pH?

A

<5.5 bc the distal tubule is working and acidifying urine

22
Q

Type II RTA treatment?

A

no point in giving bicarb because it wont be reasborbed. give diuretics to induce a contraction alkalosis

23
Q

Type 1 RTA causes?

A

Sjogrens, SLE, hashimoto, ampho B, nephrocalcinosis

24
Q

Type IV RTA mechanism?

A

Hypoaldosteronism

25
Q

Type IV RTA potassium?

A

hyperkalemia (only one)

26
Q

Type IV RTA causes?

A

DM, HIV, sickle cell

27
Q

ileal conduit treatment?

A

bicarbonate

28
Q

Metabolic alkalosis with high BP, high urine Na and Cl?

A

Conns syndrome

29
Q

Met alk with normal 3rd space, low urine chloride?

A

Saline responsive- vomiting, NGT,

30
Q

Met alk with normal 3rd space, high urine Cl?

A

Low K, low mag, Bartter, Gitelman

31
Q

Gitelman syndrome age? electrolytes?

A

hypomag, hypoK, older age

32
Q

Bartter syndrome different from Gitelman?

A

younger age with failure to thrive

33
Q

calculated osmolarity

A

2Na+BUN/2.8+ gluc/18

34
Q

causes of negative anion gap?

A

lithium and paraproteins

35
Q

5 oxoproline is what and can cause what?

A

pyroglutamic acid seen in tylenol use, can cause a high AGAP acidosis

36
Q

OTC deficiency, what is it? what are consequences? tx?

A

urea cycle disorder/ hyperammonemia/ lactulose and rifaximin and sodium benzoate

37
Q

tox alcohol that does not cause acidosis?

A

isopropyl alcohol

38
Q

why do aloholics get a AGAP acidois?

A

ketone body producting from starvation and increased lipolysis

39
Q

winters formula? expected PCO2 in metabolic acidosis

A

1.5x bicarb +8 +-2

40
Q

how does acteaminophen OD cause AGAP acidosis?

A

buildup of 5 oxoproline, and the treatment is NAC

41
Q

how do diuretics cause alkalosis?

A

secretion of hydrogen ions by the H/K ATPase pump

42
Q

how do loop diuretics work?

A

blocking the Na/K/CL co transporters in the thick ascending limb

43
Q

how does diuril work?

A

inhibitis NaCl absorption n the distal tubules

44
Q

difference between alcholic ketoacidosis and DKA?

A

Gluc<250 alcohol

very high ketones and high BHB in dka

Kidney (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions